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This index was created using NEPHIS syntax, as described in sections 12.2.2.3 and 12.4.1. Locators refer to chapters (chap.), sections (sec.) or to paragraphs. All locators include a chapter number. Section locators include the full section number (which is included in the headings at the top of each page). Paragraph locators consist of a chapter number, a full stop (dot), and a paragraph number. Paragraph numbers can be found on each page of text in the right margin at the head of each paragraph. The glossary, in which definitions and cross references are arranged in alphabetical order, is not included in this index, nor is the bibliography, also arranged in al- phabetical order by primary author.
A.L.A. filing rules
as standards for alphanumeric arrangement : 1.85
abbreviations
in alphanumeric arrangement : 17.19
abstract entities
concepts : 2.23
in IR databases : 1.28
independent existence : 2.22
universities as example : 2.18
versus attributes and processes in subject scope analysis : 2.20
versus concrete entities in subject scope analysis : 2.17
abstracting
and abstracts.
readings : sec. 14.3
abstracts
alternatives to : 14.7
as basis for indexing : 1.132
as indexable matter : sec. 7.1.2
role in information retrieval : 6.28
types : 14.6
versus documentary units : 6.27
Abstracts in anthropology
table of contents : 19.9
accuracy
of indexing. impact of indexable matter : sec. 7.3
acknowledgments
to members of NISO Committee YY : 0.14, 0.15
to Milstead (Jessica L.) : 0.14
to scholars and practitioners : 0.15
to Wellisch (Hans H.) : 0.14, 0.15
acronyms
for facets. PMEST : 2.77, 2.78
in alphanumeric arrangement : 17.19
actions
and entities.
combination in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.23
in subject scope analysis : 2.28; examples : 2.46
names : 2.31
activity theory
treatment of knowledge organization : 8.58
ad hoc string syntax : sec. 12.2.2.3
compared to faceted syntax : 12.170
compared to natural language syntax : 12.171
definitions : 12.169
examples of index headings : 12.317, 12.318
examples of index statements : 12.316
for book indexes : 12.313
NEPHIS : 12.172
ad hoc syntax : sec. 12.2.7
and systematic syntax. combinations : sec. 12.2.7.1; examples in Psychological abstracts: 12.262
characteristics : 12.253
cross references : 12.257; placement : 12.258
definitions : 12.251
elements : 12.254
examples : 12.252
guidelines : 12.255
prepositions : 12.255
advisory groups
selection of useful documents : 8.250
agents
versus objects in subject scope analysis : 2.30
ALA filing rules
as standards for alphanumeric arrangement : 1.85
Allen (Bryce L.)
views on visualization and cognitive abilities : 19.55
alphabetical ... see: alphanumeric ...
alphabetico-classed arrangement. see: alphanumeric-relational arrangement
alphanumeric arrangement
abbreviations : 17.19
acronyms : 17.19
ampersand : 17.25
controversies : 17.12
examples : 17.26
in hypertext displays : sec. 17.2
initialisms : 17.20
lack of consensus among standards : 1.91
non-alphanumeric criteria : 17.21
numbers : 17.18
of book indexes : 17.120
of displayed indexes : 1.144
punctuation : 17.16
roman numerals : 17.12
spaces : 17.15
A.L.A. filing rules : 1.85
Library of Congress filing rules: 1.83
NISO : 1.86
subject headings : 17.22
alphanumeric browsing
using Library of Congress subject headings: 12.70
alphanumeric displays : sec. 17.1
advantages : 17.6
in hypertext.
examples : 17.35
goals : 17.32
problematic nature : 17.9
versus relational classified displays : 12.193, 17.8, 17.48
alphanumeric indexes
browsable. display. design features : 19.74; examples : 19.75
display in printed books : 17.122
for classified arrangements : 12.219
in print media.
preference for : 19.15
staged display in hypertext : 17.29, 17.38
syndetic structure : sec. 13.3.1
alphanumeric-relational arrangement
of displayed indexes : 1.146
Altavista web search engine
indexing of image texts : 8.127
America: history and life
record formats : sec. 20.3
rotated term syntax : 12.126
American Library Association
special interest groups : 17.79
views on display of Library of Congress subject headings: 12.82
American Society for Information Science
endorsement of standards for indexes : 1.99
opposition to standards for indexes : 1.100
opposition to terminology for non-displayed indexes : 1.102
American Society for Information Science and Technology
Classification Research SIG : 17.78
special interest groups : 17.77
American Society of Indexers
objections to standards for indexes : 1.97
ampersand
in alphanumeric arrangement : 17.25
analysis
and indexing of documents. methods : chap. 8
computer algorithmic. of texts for indexing : 1.149
guidelines in cataloging and classification at Rutgers University : 8.93
human intellectual. of texts for indexing : 1.148
methods.
examples : sec. 8.6
methods for book indexes : sec. 8.6.1
methods for digital libraries : sec. 8.6.3
methods for full-text encyclopedias : sec. 8.6.3
methods for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 8.6.2
methods in human indexing.
British standards : 8.92
international standards : 8.92
of messages.
methods : sec. 1.5.6
rules in human indexing : 8.91
standards in human indexing : 8.92
units of. documentary units : 6.6
analytico-synthetic classification syntax : 12.200
Anderson (James D.)
views on human indexing : 8.73
anomalous states of knowledge.
views of Belkin (Nicholas J.) : 13.13
anthropology
indexing and abstracting services : 19.9
apostrophes
treatment in automatic indexing : 8.138
arrangement
alphanumeric. lack of consensus among standards : 1.91; lack of research : 1.87, 1.88; of displayed indexes : 1.144; standards : 1.82 (A.L.A. filing rules : 1.85; Library of Congress filing rules: 1.83; NISO : 1.86)
alphanumeric-relational. of displayed indexes : 1.146
classified. see: relational classified
of book indexes : sec. 17.4.1
of displayed indexes : 1.142, chap. 17
examples of policies : sec. 17.4
options : 17.3
of displayed indexes for digital libraries : sec. 17.4.3
of displayed indexes for electronic books : 17.124
of displayed indexes for electronic encyclopedias : sec. 17.4.3
of displayed indexes for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 17.4.2
of entries : sec. 1.5.5
of facets.
views of Ranganathan (Shiyali Ramamrita) : 2.78
of facets by other facets : 17.94
of facets for databases : 17.84; for document collections : 17.85; for ethnicities : 17.83; for Germanic languages : 17.91; for groups : 17.82; for Indo-European languages : 17.89; for institutions : 17.82; for language families : 17.87; for languages : 17.86; for persons : 17.82; for places : 17.92
of indexes versus classifications : 12.205
of retrieved documentary units.
methods : 12.288
of subdivisions in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.53
of subheadings : 1.84
of terms in end-user thesauri : 13.168
of topics within facets : 17.81
relational classified. of displayed indexes : 1.145; of index headings within facets : 12.208
Artandi (Susan)
views on human indexing : 8.75
artistic works
versus critical works.
subject scope analysis : 2.69
ASIS thesaurus: 13.111
display : 13.112
facets : 13.113
Association of Library Collections and Technical Services. Subject Analysis Committee
views on term relationships : 13.185
Associative Interactive Dictionary
as example of automatic vocabulary management : 8.200
associative relationships
in thesauri : 13.180
versus hierarchical relationships in thesauri : 13.189, 13.195
assumptions
of this book : sec. 1.2
attributes
and components of IR databases : pt2.6, pt2.7
and processes versus abstract entities in subject scope analysis : 2.20
in subject scope analysis : 2.25; examples : 2.45
audience
as non-topical feature : sec. 3.6
as searchable feature : sec. 3.6
in documentary scope for indexing and abstracting services : 3.56
audio media
types : 3.20
author processes
role in subject scope versus documentary scope : 2.58
author searches
surrogates.
display in electronic media : 16.4
display in print media : 16.37
authority
assessments.
role of human indexers : 8.253
authority records
MARC formats : 20.7
authors/authorship
and authorship as non-topical feature : sec. 3.1
and creators.
types as searchable features : 3.13
corporate bodies : 3.14
exhaustive indexing : 9.3
identification.
standards : 14.11
in documentary scope for indexing and abstracting services : 3.63
of IR databases : sec. 1.5.14
automatic clustering
thresholds : 8.217
techniques : 8.218
automatic indexing : 1.149, sec. 8.3
addition of terms to thesauri : 8.197
clustering : sec. 8.3.11
combined with human indexing : 1.150
compared to human indexing : 8.162, 8.169
incompatibility : 8.168
cultural factors : 8.38
definition of words : 8.131, 8.143
documentary units : 6.33
effectiveness : 8.24
exhaustivity for important documents : 9.32; in book indexes : 9.27
feedback : 8.228
for displayed indexes in indexing and abstracting services in print media : 12.329
frequency of words : sec. 8.3.4
human indexing as model : 8.76
identification of phrases : 8.181, 8.185
cost versus benefits : 8.180
importance of phrases : 8.178
index terms.
specificity in book indexes : 10.51
language model : 8.129
of image texts.
views of Pérez-López (Kathleen Golitko) : 8.111
of language texts versus image texts : 8.5, 8.126; versus other non-language texts : 8.5; versus sound texts : 8.126
of words : sec. 8.3.1
phrases : sec. 8.3.8
positive vocabulary control : 8.191
probabilistic model : 8.128
recommended resources : 8.130
relevance feedback : sec. 8.3.13
role in high-precision IR : 9.20; in high-recall IR : 9.19
role in information retrieval : sec. 8.5
role of human searching behavior : 8.234
see-also references for equivalent terms : 13.259
stemming : sec. 8.3.6
surrogates. display : 16.22
theoretical models : 8.128
treatment of apostrophes : 8.138; of full stops : 8.136; of hyphens : 8.134; of lower-case letters : 8.144; of numbers : 8.139; of parentheses : 8.137; of punctuation : 8.133; of single characters : 8.142; of slashes : 8.135; of underscores : 8.136; upper-case letters : 8.144
vector-space model : 8.128
versus human indexing : 8.2
allocation : 8.241
cost-benefit analysis : 8.25
cultural factors : 8.37
evidence from use : 8.22
research : sec. 8.1
results : 8.3
user preferences : 8.23
versus human searching : 8.125
vocabulary management : sec. 8.3.9, 8.194
automatic term weighting : 12.312
automatic stemming
user options : 12.324
automatic vocabulary management : sec. 8.3.10
examples. Associative Interactive Dictionary : 8.200
impact : 8.208
back-of-the-book indexes. see: book indexes
Baker (Nicholson)
views on card catalogs : 5.9
Balnaves (John)
views on specificity : 10.16
Bates (Marcia J.)
views on documentary domain : 4.2
views on IR database design : 0.8
views on role of human indexing : 8.245
views on variability of vocabulary : 13.16, 13.22
Beghtol (Clare)
views on human indexing : 8.72
Belkin (Nicholas J.)
views on anomalous states of knowledge : 13.13
best match syntax : sec. 12.3.2, 12.280
definitions : 12.297
examples : 12.301
language model : 12.298
probabilistic model : 12.297
ranking : 12.300
vector space model : 12.297
beta testing
of IR databases : 22.17
biases
as non-topical features : 3.40
as searchable features : 3.40
in documentary scope : 3.47
Bible verses
indexes to : 1.117
bibliographic citations
standard for style : 0.15
bibliographic coupling : sec. 8.3.12.1
and co-citation as basis for indexing : 8.108
compared to co-citation : 8.226
definition : 8.225
bibliographic records
versus metadata : 20.30
bibliography
definition : 1.183
Bliss bibliographic classification
citation order of facets : 17.110
facets applied to Library of Congress subject headings: 12.158
book indexes
ad hoc string syntax : 12.313
alphanumeric arrangement : 17.120
alternative levels of exhaustivity : 9.28
analysis methods : sec. 8.6.1
application of thesauri : 13.246
arrangement : sec. 17.4.1
display in electronic media : 12.319
documentary domain : sec. 4.3.1
documentary scope : sec. 3.14.1
documentary units : sec. 6.5.1, 6.11, 12.314
locators for, in index entries : 19.85
in electronic media : 6.37
double posting for equivalent or synonymous terms : 13.241
equivalent-term cross references : 13.240; for narrower terms : 13.243; for synonymous terms : 13.240
exhaustivity of indexing : sec. 9.3.1; for automatic indexing : 9.27; for human indexing : 9.26
fields in record formats : 20.44
in electronic media. interface designs : 19.87; record formats : 20.48
in print media. interface designs : 19.83; vocabulary management : 13.238
indexable matter : sec. 7.4.1, 7.18
interface designs : sec. 19.4.1
locators : 12.314, sec. 15.1.1, 15.7
media : sec. 5.5.1
multimedia : 5.33
permuted index headings versus cross references : 18.16
record formats : sec. 20.7.1
run-in layout versus indented layout : 18.18
see-also references : 13.245
size : sec. 18.1.1
estimation : 18.8
estimation. accuracy : 18.10
estimation. problems : 18.11
estimation as guideline for indexing : 18.12
reduction : 18.15
specificity of index terms : sec. 10.8.1; of index terms assigned by automatic indexing : 10.51; of index terms assigned by human indexing : 10.50
subject scope analysis : sec. 2.5.1, 2.88
surrogates : sec. 14.5.1
display : sec. 16.1.1
syntax : sec. 12.4.1
use of NEPHIS : 12.177
users : 2.89
vocabulary : 2.90
vocabulary management : sec. 13.4.1
integration : 13.239
Book Item and Component Identifier (BICI) : 15.27
book numbers
in call numbers : 15.38
views of Comaromi (John P.) : 15.39
views of Lehnus (Donald J.) : 15.39
books
as media for IR databases : sec. 5.1.2
advantages : 5.10
displayed indexes and non-displayed indexes : sec. 11.4.1
in electronic media.
arrangement of displayed indexes : 17.124
full-text searching. syntax : 12.320
full texts. display : sec. 21.4.1.
indexable matter : 7.23
indexes. browsing : 15.49; locators : 15.47; postings : 15.50
intermediate surrogates : 16.30
surrogates. display : 16.28
topic sentences as intermediate surrogates : 16.31
indexes for : 2.87
IR databases for : 1.162
MARC formats for. examples : 20.5
printed.
indexes. size : 18.1
relational classified displays : 17.123
surrogates. display : 16.24
unified surrogates : 16.27
versus monographs : 3.36
boolean searches
on optical coincidence (peek-a-boo) retrieval systems : 5.20
boolean syntax. see: exact match syntax
Booth (A. D.)
article. Zipfian distributions of words : 8.163
bound terms
definition : 1.58
impact on size of thesauri : 13.174
in end-user thesauri : sec. 13.3.3.1.4
information science as example : 1.159
views of standards for thesauri : 13.170
braille media
for IR databases : 1.178
British standards
on methods for analysis in human indexing : 8.92
broader terms
BT as notation for : 13.61
broader-term cross references : 13.61
in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.43
browsability
among variables in IR research : 8.13
browsable alphanumeric indexes
display. design features : 19.74; examples : 19.75
browsable displays. see: display
browsable facets
display. design features : 19.72; examples : 19.73
browsable indexes
for end-user thesauri : 13.213
browsing
alphabetical. using Library of Congress subject headings: 12.70
and navigation : 11.11
definition : 11.30
literature reviews : 11.27
of full texts in digital media : sec. 21.3
of indexes for electronic books : 15.49
research in IR : sec. 11.2
role in IR : 11.25
role of classification captions : 17.64; of phrases : 8.186
versus searching using Medical subject headings : 12.101
views of Chang (Shan-Ju) and Rice, (Ronald E.) : 11.30; of Marchionini (Gary) : 11.31
BT
as notation for broader terms : 13.61
business
ontologies : 13.234
call numbers
book numbers in : 15.38
classification notation : 15.40
in libraries : 15.37
examples : 15.41
local nature : 15.43
work marks in : 15.38
card catalogs
views of Baker (Nicholson) : 5.9
card files
as medium for IR databases : sec. 5.1.1, 5.7
disadvantages : 5.8
cataloging
and classification. guidelines for analysis at Rutgers University : 8.93
and indexing by document creators : 20.29
definition : 1.52
history : 1.1
principles. role.
views of Cutter (Charles Ammi) : 13.196
standards : 1.80
catalogs
definition : 1.52
library.
absence of cross references : 12.49
categories
expression in subject scope analysis : 2.50
generic. role in subject scope analysis : 2.12
in ontologies.
views of Poli (Roberto) : 13.228; of Sowa (John) : 13.227
in ontologies versus thesauri : 13.230
in thesauri.
definition : 13.164
not mutually exclusive : 13.166
size : 13.160
number in subject scope analysis : 2.8
of entities in end-user thesauri : 13.161
of operations and processes in end-user thesauri : 13.163
postings for, versus postings for descriptors : 17.98
specialized. role in human indexing : 8.100; in subject scope analysis : sec. 2.1; in subject scope for folklore, language, linguistics : 2.55; in subject scope for literature : 2.53, 2.54
categorization
initial. of terms for thesauri : 13.159
of long arrays of index headings using facets : 12.164
of subdivisions in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.58
of terms for end-user thesauri : sec. 13.3.3.1.3
CD-ROMs
as media for IR databases : sec. 5.3.2
censorship
versus guidance in indexing : sec. 8.5.1
versus measures of use : 8.248
chain indexes
creation from classified arrangements : 12.220
examples : 12.221
chain syntax. : sec. 12.2.4.1
definition : 12.218
Chan (Lois Mai)
views on faceted syntax for Library of Congress subject headings: 12.157; on human indexing : 8.39
Chang (Shan-Ju)
and Rice, (Ronald E.). views on browsing : 11.30
channels
for document transmission. world-wide web : 3.21
for IR database transmission. world-wide web : sec. 5.3.3
chaos
and creativity versus stability in IR database design : 1.107
checktags
use in subject analysis and indexing : 8.239
chemical symbols
role in index terms : 1.128
Chicago manual of style
views on human indexing : 8.42
Chinese language
definition of words : 8.132
choreographers
indexes to : 1.116
Chowdhury (Gobinda G.)
views on information retrieval : 0.9
chronological subdivisions
in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.34, 12.57
citation indexes : sec. 8.3.12
to newer documents : 8.224
citation links
to older documents : 8.223
citation order
of facets : 17.109
role facets versus type facets : 17.111
of facets for relational classified displays in print media : 17.74; for shelf arrangement : 17.74; in Bliss bibliographic classification : 17.110
citations
and systematic syntax. combination : 12.263
reference. as basis for indexing : 1.136
civilization
role of information retrieval : 1.2
clarity
of index headings : 12.147
of rotated term syntax : 12.129
classification
alphanumeric indexes for : 12.219
and cataloging. guidelines for analysis at Rutgers University : 8.93
arrangement. versus alphanumeric indexes : 12.205
arrangement of headings within facets : 12.208
captions. definitions : 1.62; role in browsing : 17.64; versus index headings : 12.196
chain indexes for : 12.220
definition : 1.55, 17.4, 17.49
display : 17.53; in hypertext : 12.195, 17.59; postings : 17.69; role of notation : 17.68; on the world-wide web : 12.194; versus alphanumeric display : 12.193
faceted : 17.61
faceted. for MLA international bibliography: 19.38
facets for. determination : 17.75
facets of literature : 17.76
hierarchical arrangement : 12.209
MARC format for : 20.7
notation : 12.212, 17.64, 17.115; types : 17.116; and captions : 17.63; in call numbers : 15.40; in Unesco thesaurus (1977): 13.89
of library and information science.
retroactive notation : 17.117
of literature : 17.54
research : 17.55
role in searching : 12.194
role of facets : 17.72
standards : 1.80
syntax : sec. 12.2.4, 17.52
traditional : 17.61; advantages : 17.62
versus indexing : 17.50
Classification Research SIG
of American Society for Information Science and Technology : 17.78
classing
definition : 8.209
clique clusters : 8.215
clump clusters : 8.216
clustering
automatic. techniques : 8.218; thresholds : 8.217
by document similarity : 8.212
definition : 8.209
dynamic : 8.218
in automatic indexing : sec. 8.3.11
of terms for end-user thesauri : sec. 13.3.4; for vocabulary management : 13.220; research : 13.219
scatter-gather techniques : 8.218
use in searches in indexing and abstracting services in electronic media : 12.328
clusters
clique : 8.215
clump : 8.216
criteria for : 8.210
role in searching : 8.211
star : 8.214
string : 8.213
types : 8.213
co-author
Pérez-Carballo (José) : 0.10
co-citation : sec. 8.3.12.2
and bibliographic coupling as basis for indexing : 8.108
compared to bibliographic coupling : 8.226
definition : 8.227
for identification of research fronts : 8.227
co-occurrence
frequency. for ranking of related terms : 8.202
of terms. identification of related terms : 8.201
co-occurrence lists
and thesauri : 13.27
codes
and symbols. nature for texts : 5.30; varieties for texts : 5.31; for IR databases : sec. 5.4, 5.32
for composition of texts : 3.24
for representation of machine-readable texts : 3.28; of word-processing texts : 3.29
coextensive index headings, subject headings
in string syntax : 12.127, 12.128; principles : 12.120
using faceted syntax for Library of Congress subject headings: 12.160
coextensive subject headings principle
for subject heading systems : 12.115
cognition
versus culture in human indexing : 8.87
versus social construction in human indexing : sec. 8.2.1
cognitive abilities
and visualization. views of Allen (Bryce L.) : 19.55
impact on visualization : 19.54
cognitive processes
in human indexing : 8.28, 8.31
collections
frequency of words : sec. 8.3.5
of documents. IR databases for : 1.186; documentary scope descriptions : 3.4, 3.6
of documents and anthologies.
documentary units : 6.8
of documents as impetus for design : pt2.4
collocation
adequacy in natural language syntax : 12.232
in faceted syntax : 12.155
in KWIC indexes : 12.236
in rotated term syntax : 12.149
of index headings : 12.148
of minor concepts by generic terms : 10.40
Comaromi (John P.)
views on book numbers : 15.39
Common Information System (CIS) : 15.28
complex phenomena
in subject scope analysis.
insurance as example : 2.39
complex terms
definition : 1.59
composers
indexes to : 1.116
Compositeur, Auteur, Editeur (CAE) : 15.29
compound terms. see: bound terms
comprehensive searches
in indexing and abstracting services in electronic media : 12.322; in print media : 12.329
computer-aided indexing
for indexing and abstracting services : 8.240
computer algorithmic analysis
of texts for indexing. see: automatic indexing
computer-output microfilm
as medium for IR databases : 5.22
computer programs
for construction of thesauri : 13.85
computer representation
internal. not addressed in this book : 1.141
computer screens
size : 19.64
computer software
IR databases for : 1.171
concepts
as abstract entities : 2.23
conceptual levels
in ontologies : 13.233
concrete entities
in IR databases : 1.27
versus abstract entities in subject scope analysis : 2.17
concrete entities and events
databases for. exclusion from scope of this book : 1.198
databases for versus IR databases : 1.196, 1.197, 1.202
indexing. compared to indexing of messages : 1.23
concrete entity and event databases
definitions : 1.20
versus IR databases : 8.55
concrete events
in IR databases : 1.27
consistency principle
in subject heading systems : 12.109
in human indexing : 8.64
constituent materials
in subject scope analysis : 2.26
content
of IR databases.
separation from search interfaces : 19.37
continuing and integrating resources
as non-topical features : sec. 3.5; as searchable features : sec. 3.5
controlled vocabularies
mapping of search terms : 13.28
multiple. interaction : 13.29
versus un-controlled vocabularies for indexing : 10.42
controversial documents
discovery : 8.255
controversies
in information retrieval : 1.93
Cooper (William S.)
rules for human indexing. views of Frohmann (Bernd) : 8.114
views on human indexing : 8.115; on variables in IR research : 8.19
corporate bodies
as authors : 3.14
types as searchable features : 3.15
cost-benefit analysis
of electronic media versus paper : 5.15
of human indexing versus automatic indexing : 8.25
of identification of phrases in automatic indexing : 8.180
coverage
of documentary domain : sec. 4.2
of IR databases.
impact of documentary domain : 4.1
Craven (Timothy)
views on purpose of precoordinate syntax : 12.14
creativity
and chaos versus stability in IR database design : 1.107
criteria
for allocation of human indexing : 8.247
for assignment of index terms : 2.65
for clusters : 8.210
for index entries : 1.74
for indexing languages : 12.12
for precoordinate indexing languages : 12.15
of evaluation for natural language syntax : 12.230
critical works
versus artistic works. subject scope analysis : 2.69
cross references
absence from library catalogs : 12.49
explanatory : 12.260
from equivalent-terms : 13.44; in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.40; UF as instruction for creation : 13.54; in OPACs; form : 13.55
general. in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.45
in ad hoc syntax : 12.257
in hypertext : 13.207
in library catalogs : 13.68; OPACs : 13.49
in thesauri : 13.51
omission. impact : 13.74; from OPACs : 13.73
placement. examples : 12.264; in ad hoc syntax : 12.258
postings data : 13.50
syntactic : sec. 12.2.8
definitions : 12.268
examples : 12.266
necessity : 12.265
to broader terms : 13.61; in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.43
to narrower terms : 13.46, 13.56; in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.41; versus specificity : 10.19
to related terms : 13.46, 13.64; in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.44
types : 13.43
user suggested : 12.342
versus permuted index headings in book indexes : 18.16
cultural domains : 2.4
cultural factors
in automatic indexing : 8.38
in human indexing versus automatic indexing : 8.37
culture
versus cognition in human indexing : 8.87
customization
of interfaces : 19.61
views of Head (Alison J.) : 19.62
Cutter (Charles Ammi)
development of cutter numbers : 15.42
views on role of principles in cataloging : 13.196; on specificity : 10.4
cutter numbers
development by Cutter (Charles Ammi) : 15.42
data
definition : 1.43
versus information : 1.5; knowledge : 1.5
views of Korfhage (Robert R.) : 1.41
data mining
role of surrogates : 14.16
database management systems : 1.198
database records
definition : 1.76
databases
compared to libraries to : 1.4
facets.
arrangement : 17.84
for concrete entities and events. exclusion from scope of this book : 1.198; versus IR databases : 1.196, 1.197, 1.202
hybrid. IR databases : 1.201
models. flat file databases : 1.18; hypertext databases : 1.19; object-oriented databases : 1.17; relational databases : 1.16
origin as term : 1.3
two basic types : sec. 1.6.1
dates (time)
in rotated term syntax : 12.124
in subject scope analysis : 2.38; examples : 2.49
datum, data
definition : 1.39
decision making
with numerical values in human indexing : 8.124
decision theory
role in rules for human indexing : 8.116
decision trees
for Library of Congress subject headings: 12.65
decoration
in search interfaces : 19.65
descriptive cataloging
definition : 1.53
rules for institutions versus societies : 2.19
descriptive indexing
definition : 1.53
descriptors
definition : 1.60
descriptor postings versus category postings : 17.98
design
impetus : pt2.2; role of collections of documents : pt2.4
of displayed indexes : sec. 11.3
of indexes. technical report : 0.5
of IR databases : 1.6
of non-displayed indexes : sec. 11.3
of record formats. principles : 20.3
precursors to : pt2.3
design decisions : chap. pt2; sequence : pt2.9
design features
for display of browsable alphanumeric indexes : 19.74; of browsable facets : 19.72; of electronic search results : 19.78; of vocabulary information for electronic searches : 19.78
for electronic searches : 19.76
for opening screens for IR databases : 19.70
for surrogate displays : 19.80
design options
for IR databases. impact of media : 5.2
interaction : pt2.8
design specifications
for IR databases : 1.206
Dewey decimal classification
display in hypertext : sec. 17.3.1, 17.67, 17.70
syntax : 12.197
Diener (Richard)
views on term relationships : 13.183
diesel engines
facets for. by Ranganathan (Shiyali Ramamrita) : 2.79
indexing. rules. of Ranganathan : 8.99
digital communication format
MARC format : 20.12
digital libraries
as examples of IR databases : 1.193
definition : 1.31
displayed indexes. arrangement : sec. 17.4.3
displayed indexes versus non-displayed indexes : sec. 11.4.3
documentary domain : sec. 4.3.3
documentary scope : sec. 3.14.3
documentary units : sec. 6.5.3
exhaustivity of indexing : sec. 9.3.3
full texts. display : sec. 21.4.3
hypertext links : 12.341
indexable matter : sec. 7.4.3
indexes. size : sec. 18.1.3
interface design : sec. 19.4.3
locators : sec. 15.1.3
media : sec. 5.5.3
methods of analysis : sec. 8.6.3
natural language syntax : 12.228
record formats : sec. 20.7.3
search options : 12.340
software for : 22.7
specificity of index terms : sec. 10.8.3
subject scope analysis : sec. 2.5.3
surrogates : sec. 14.5.3
display : sec. 16.1.3
syntax : sec. 12.4.3
TEI : 21.53
vocabulary management : sec. 13.4.3
digital media
full texts. browsing : sec. 21.3; display : 21.4
encoding schemas : sec. 21.2 (HTML as example : 21.32); size of documentary units : 21.58
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) : 15.22
components : 15.23
examples : 15.25
resolution : 15.24
digital resources
locators : 15.16
discovery
of controversial documents : 8.255
display
formatted. of surrogates : 16.18, 16.21
media. of IR databases : chap. 5
of alphanumeric indexes in printed books : 17.122
of ASIS thesaurus: 13.112
of book indexes in electronic media : 12.319
of browsable alphanumeric indexes. design features : 19.74; examples : 19.75
of browsable facets. design features : 19.72; examples : 19.73
of classification : 17.53; postings data: 17.69; role of notation : 17.68; in hypertext : 12.195, 17.59
of Dewey decimal classification in hypertext : sec. 17.3.1, 17.67, 17.70
of electronic search results. design features : 19.78; examples : 19.79
of end-user thesauri : sec. 13.3.3.1.8
of faceted classification : sec. 17.3.2, 17.97; in print media : sec. 17.3.2.1
of faceted index headings : 12.136; for indexing and abstracting services : 12.337
of full surrogates : 16.6
of full texts : chap. 21; examples : sec. 21.4; options : 21.69; in digital libraries : sec. 21.4.3; in digital media : 21.4; in electronic books : sec. 21.4.1; in electronic encyclopedias : sec. 21.4.3; in electronic indexing and abstracting services : 21.72; in indexing and abstracting services : sec. 21.4.2
of index headings in hypertext media : 17.42
of indexes. standards : 19.16
of Library of Congress subject headings: 12.58, 12.61; views of American Library Association : 12.82; of Drabenstott and Vizine-Goetz : 12.65
of MARC records : 16.19
of multiple hierarchical levels in Unesco thesaurus (1995): 13.102
of original formats of full texts : 21.17
of relational syntax : 12.189
of results for electronic searches : 17.130
of string indexing in hypertext : 17.40
of subject headings in hypertext : 17.35, 17.39; in online public access catalogs : 1.90
of surrogates : chap. 16; examples : sec. 16.1; format options : 16.11; general options : 16.8; order of fields : 16.15, 16.20; research : 16.5
of surrogates based on automatic indexing : 16.22
of surrogates for author searches in electronic media : 16.4; in print media : 16.37
of surrogates for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 16.1.2;
of surrogates for subject searches in electronic media : 16.4; in print media : 16.36
of surrogates in book indexes : sec. 16.1.1; in digital libraries : sec. 16.1.3; in electronic books : 16.28; in electronic encyclopedias : sec. 16.1.3; in electronic media : 16.39; in libraries : 16.16; in print media : 16.35; in printed books : 16.24; in tables of contents : 16.25, 16.38
of term relationships in thesauri : 13.191
of thesauri for searching : 13.30
work of Pollitt (A. Steven, et al.) : 13.31
of vocabulary information for electronic searches. design features : 19.78; examples : 19.79
staged. of alphanumeric indexes in hypertext : 17.29, 17.38; of faceted index headings in hypertext : 17.44; of index headings in hypertext : 17.43; of surrogates in electronic media : 16.3; of surrogates in print media : 16.2
versus content of surrogates : 14.4
displayed indexes : 1.139
advantages : 11.18
alphanumeric arrangement : 1.144
alphanumeric. syndetic structure : sec. 13.3.1
alphanumeric-relational arrangement : 1.146
and non-displayed indexes. differences : 12.10; examples : sec. 11.4; for books : sec. 11.4.1; in indexing and abstracting services : sec. 11.4.2
arrangement : chap. 17, 1.142; examples of policies : sec. 17.4; options : 17.3; for digital libraries : sec. 17.4.3; for electronic books : 17.124; for electronic encyclopedias : sec. 17.4.3; for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 17.4.2
based on automatic indexing in indexing and abstracting services in print media : 12.329
challenges : 11.20
characteristics : 11.17
design : sec. 11.3
disadvantages : 11.19
faceted relational classified. dynamic postings : 13.33, 17.99
for indexing and abstracting services in electronic media : 17.129; in print media : 17.128
history : 11.6
in electronic media : sec. 11.1; presentation of see-also references : 13.251
in print media. type size : 18.17
index headings. merging : 18.4
postings. for electronic books : 17.127
psychological advantages : 17.2
purpose : 17.1; in indexing and abstracting services : 12.338
relational classified arrangement : 1.145
scope notes : 12.261
versus non-displayed indexes : chap. 11, 11.2; calculation of exhaustivity : 9.22; syntax : 11.9; in digital libraries : sec. 11.4.3; in encyclopedias : sec. 11.4.3
vocabulary management : 8.195
distributions
of words in texts : sec. 8.3.7
Zipf's law : 8.160
document creators
cataloging and indexing by : 20.29
document descriptions
fields for. in record formats : 20.18
document numbers
indexes to : 1.121
document retrieval
versus information retrieval : 6.1
document similarity
as basis for clustering : 8.212
document titles
as basis for index headings : 12.226
in documentary scope for indexing and abstracting services : 3.64
document transmission
channels. world-wide web : 3.21
document weights
calculation for relevance prediction : 8.152
documentary domain
coverage : sec. 4.2
descriptions. role : 4.10
examples : sec. 4.3
for book indexes : sec. 4.3.1
for digital libraries : sec. 4.3.3
for full-text encyclopedias : sec. 4.3.3
for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 4.3.2
for IR databases : chap. 4
impact on coverage of IR databases : 4.1
monitoring : sec. 4.2
views of Bates (Marcia J.) : 4.2; of Wilson (Patrick) : 4.3
documentary features
role in human indexing : 8.30
documentary scope : chap. 3
and subject scope. relation to rules for human indexing : 8.96
based on specific documents : sec. 3.11
biases : 3.47
descriptions. for IR databases for collections of documents : 3.4, 3.6; for IR databases for single documents : 3.5; importance for IR database producers : 3.3; importance for users : 3.2
examples : sec. 3.14
for book indexes : sec. 3.14.1
for digital libraries : sec. 3.14.3
for full-text encyclopedias : sec. 3.14.3
for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 3.14.2; audience : 3.56; authorship : 3.63; document titles : 3.64; formats : 3.54; language : 3.57; levels of treatment : 3.56; media : 3.53; methodological approaches : 3.65; periodicity : 3.55; place of publication : 3.58; points of view : 3.65; qualitative criteria : 3.61; searchable features : 3.62; specific documents : 3.60; time of publication : 3.59
objective qualitative criteria : 3.46
points of view : 3.47
qualitative criteria : sec. 3.12
versus subject scope : 2.57, 2.62, 3.1; methodological approaches : 2.63; role of author processes : 2.58
documentary units : chap. 6
and links in full texts in HTML : 21.33
as units of analysis : 6.6
definition : 1.56
features. facets : 12.159
for automatic indexing : 6.33
for book indexes : sec. 6.5.1, 6.11, 12.314; in electronic media : 6.37
for collections of documents and anthologies : 6.8
for digital libraries : sec. 6.5.3
for full-text encyclopedias : sec. 6.5.3
for full-text searching : 6.42
for high-use documents in indexing and abstracting services : 6.41
for hypertext : 6.20; on world-wide web : 6.21
for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 6.5.2, 6.7, 6.40
for mixed-text documents : 7.4
for music : 6.10
for video recordings and motion pictures : 6.9
in book indexes. locators in index entries : 19.85
in library catalogs : 6.24
multiple : sec. 6.4; in full-text IR databases : 6.32
pages versus paragraphs : 6.12, 12.315
paragraphs : 6.17; advantages : 6.13; NISO recommendation : 6.15; for electronic texts : 6.14
relationship to exhaustivity : 9.24
role in IR databases : 6.34
size : 6.3; among variables in IR research : impact on indexable matter : 7.6; relationship to exhaustivity : 9.5; 8.10; in full texts in digital media : 21.58
small. IR databases for : 1.184
smaller. advantages : 6.25
smaller. in full-text IR databases : 6.30; in reference IR databases : 6.29
text sections : 6.16
types and sizes : sec. 1.5.12
versus abstracts : 6.27
versus surrogates : sec. 6.3; in reference IR databases : 6.26
documentation
role in information retrieval : 6.2
documents
analysis and indexing. methods : chap. 8
collections. as impetus for design : pt2.4; IR databases for : 1.186; documentary scope descriptions : 3.4, 3.6
collections and anthologies. documentary units : 6.8
complete. IR databases for : 1.185; versus parts of documents : 6.5
definition : 1.51
high-use. documentary units in indexing and abstracting services : 6.41; full texts as indexable matter : 7.26; indexable matter : 7.25
important. allocation of human indexing : 8.242; exhaustivity of automatic indexing : 9.32; exhaustivity of human indexing : 9.31
indexes to documents as topics : 1.117
inequality : 8.256
mixed-text. documentary units : 7.4; indexable matter : 7.4
proximity to IR databases : sec. 1.5.11
routine. exhaustivity : 9.30
selection for IR databases. principles : 4.5
types : sec. 1.5.9
useful. selection by advisory groups and indexing staff : 8.250; use of human indexing for identification : 8.244
domain. see: documentary domain; subject domain
domain analysis
as basis for rules for human indexing : 8.105
functions : 2.1
role in information understanding : 8.60
double posting
for equivalent and synonymous terms in book indexes : 13.241
Drabenstott (Karen Markey); Vizine-Goetz (Diane)
views on display of Library of Congress subject headings: 12.65
Dublin Core
as metadata. role in surrogates : 14.17
core elements : 20.31; formats versus media : 3.30; qualifiers for : sec. 20.5.1
metadata records. examples : sec. 20.5.2; by Joseph (Michael) : 20.35
purpose : 20.28
record formats for internal metadata : sec. 20.5
websites : 20.27; metadata : 20.27
dynamic clustering : 8.218
economic aspects
of indexable matter : 7.5
editors
indexes to : 1.115
electronic books
arrangement of displayed indexes : 17.124
full texts. display : sec. 21.4.1.
hypertext indexes : 17.125
indexes. browsing : 15.49; locators : 15.47; postings : 15.50, 17.127; vocabulary management : 13.250
intermediate surrogates : 16.30
non-displayed indexes : 13.252
postings in displayed indexes : 17.127
surrogates. display : 16.28
topic sentences as intermediate surrogates : 16.31
electronic encyclopedias
arrangement of displayed indexes : sec. 17.4.3
full texts. display : sec. 21.4.3.
hypertext links : 12.341
indexes. size : sec. 18.1.3
interface designs : sec. 19.4.3
locators : sec. 15.1.3
record formats : sec. 20.7.3
search options : 12.340
surrogates : sec. 14.5.3; display : sec. 16.1.3
syntax : sec. 12.4.3
vocabulary management : sec. 13.4.3
electronic indexing and abstracting services
full texts. display : 21.72
electronic interfaces. see: search interfaces
electronic IR databases
search interfaces : sec. 19.2; problems and opportunities : 19.35
electronic media
as standard for IR databases : 5.16
book indexes. interface designs : 19.87; record formats : 20.48
books. as hypertext : 6.37, 6.38; full-text searching. syntax : 12.320; indexable matter : 7.23
display of book indexes : 12.319; of surrogates for author searches : 16.4; of surrogates for subject searches : 16.4
displayed indexes : sec. 11.1; presentation of see-also references : 13.251; for indexing and abstracting services : 17.129
documentary units for book indexes : 6.37
indexing and abstracting services. comprehensive searches : 12.322; interface designs : 19.94; locators : 15.54; postings : 15.55; targeted searches : 12.327; use of clustering in searches : 12.328; use of proximity requirements in searches : 12.326; use of truncation in searches : 12.325; vocabulary management for non-displayed indexes : 13.262
IR databases : sec. 5.3, 1.176; interfaces : sec. 19.4
non-displayed index searching : 5.25
reading versus searching : 5.13
surrogates. display : 16.39; staged display : 16.3
types for IR databases : 5.26
unit of manipulation : 5.24
versus paper. cost : 5.15; for IR databases : 5.14
electronic search results
display. design features : 19.78; examples : 19.79
electronic searches
bypassing vocabulary management : 8.198
design features : 19.76
display of results : 17.130
display of vocabulary information. design features : 19.78; examples : 19.79
examples : 19.77
vocabulary management : 8.196
electronic texts
paragraphs as documentary units : 6.14
eliminability principle
in string syntax : 12.128
EMTREE thesaurus
facets : 13.32
encoding schemas (for digital texts)
for full texts in digital media : sec. 21.2; HTML as example : 21.32
encyclopedias
displayed indexes versus non-displayed indexes : sec. 11.4.3
electronic. see: electronic encyclopedias
exhaustivity of indexing : sec. 9.3.3
full-text. as examples of IR databases : 1.193; documentary domain : sec. 4.3.3; documentary scope : sec. 3.14.3; documentary units : sec. 6.5.3; indexable matter : sec. 7.4.3; media : sec. 5.5.3; methods of analysis : sec. 8.6.3; subject scope analysis : sec. 2.5.3;
specificity of index terms : sec. 10.8.3
end-user thesauri : sec. 13.3.3
bound terms : sec. 13.3.3.1.4
browsable indexes : 13.213
categories of entities : 13.161; of operations and processes : 13.163
clustering of terms : sec. 13.3.4
compilation : sec. 13.3.3.1; procedures : 13.129
display : sec. 13.3.3.1.8
equivalent terms : sec. 13.3.3.1.6; versus variant terms : 13.205
examples : 13.124
experimental research : 13.23
facets : 13.155; primary facets : 13.156
gathering terms : 13.123, 13.202; choice : 13.204
lead-in terms : 13.122
phrases from full text : 13.146; identification : 13.143
relational classified displays : 13.214
search options : 13.212
searching : 13.215
stop list terms : 13.152
term records : 13.157
terms. categorization : sec. 13.3.3.1.3; from texts. selection : 13.141; indexers as source : 13.148; search statements as source : 13.131; selection : sec. 13.3.3.1.2; sorting : 13.154, 13.168; sources : sec. 13.3.3.1.1; users as source. views of Landauer (Thomas K.) : 13.132
used for terms versus equivalent terms : 13.210
variant forms : sec. 13.3.3.1.6
versus indexing thesauri : 13.120; differences : 13.121
entities
and actions. combination in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.23
categories in end-user thesauri : 13.161
in subject scope analysis : 2.16; examples: 2.44
messages and texts as entities : 2.21
parts of. in subject scope analysis : 2.24
entries see: index entries
entry arrays see: index entry arrays
enumerative classification
use in indexing and abstracting services in print media : 19.14
versus faceted classification : 17.72
equivalence relationships
in thesauri : 13.178
equivalent-term cross references : 13.44
for equivalent terms in book indexes : 13.240
for narrower terms in book indexes : 13.243
for synonymous terms in book indexes : 13.240
in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.40
in OPACs. form : 13.55
terminology : 13.244
UF as instruction for creation : 13.54
equivalent terms
and synonymous terms. vocabulary management : 8.192
cross references in book indexes : 13.240
definition : 1.60
double posting in book indexes : 13.241
in end-user thesauri : sec. 13.3.3.1.6
see-also references in automatic indexing : 13.259
versus used for terms in end-user thesauri : 13.210; variant terms in end-user thesauri : 13.205
essentialism
versus social constructionism in gender studies : 8.83
Eurovoc thesaurus: 13.104
microthesauri : 13.108
term records : 13.105
evaluation
and testing of IR database designs : 22.9;
and testing of IR databases : chap. 22; failure analysis : 22.16; measurement : 22.14; outside scope of book : 22.3; readings : 22.13
criteria for natural language syntax : 12.230
of importance. expert judgment versus use : 8.249
of KWIC index syntax : 12.235
of library performance : 22.15
events
in subject scope analysis : 2.36;examples : 2.47
exact match syntax : sec. 12.3.1; 12.280
absence of ranking : 12.287
definition : 12.281
disadvantages : 12.291
examples : 12.285
history : 12.282
impact : 12.286
narrowing of searches : 12.289
syntactic operators : 12.284; meaning : 12.292
examples
actions in subject scope analysis : 2.46
ad hoc string syntax. index headings : 12.317, 12.318; index statements for : 12.316
ad hoc syntax : 12.252; and systematic syntax in Psychological abstracts: 12.262
alphanumeric arrangement : 17.26
alphanumeric displays in hypertext : 17.35
arrangement of displayed indexes. policies : sec. 17.4
attributes in subject scope analysis : 2.45
automatic vocabulary management. Associative Interactive Dictionary : 8.200
best match syntax : 12.301
call numbers in libraries : 15.41
chain indexes : 12.221
cross references. placement : 12.264
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) : 15.25
display of browsable alphanumeric indexes : 19.75; of browsable facets : 19.73; of electronic search results : 19.79; of full texts : sec. 21.4; of surrogates : sec. 16.1; of vocabulary information for electronic searches : 19.79
displayed indexes and non-displayed indexes : sec. 11.4
displayed indexes. arrangement. policies : sec. 17.4
documentary domain : sec. 4.3
documentary units : sec. 6.1, sec. 6.5
end-user thesauri : 13.124
entities in subject scope analysis : 2.44
events in subject scope analysis : 2.47
exact match syntax : 12.285
exhaustivity of indexing : sec. 9.3
expert systems for subject analysis and indexing. MedIndEx : 8.238
faceted index headings from Modern Language Association : 12.140
faceted syntax : 12.131; for Library of Congress subject headings: 12.161; in indexing and abstracting services : 12.334
high exhaustivity : 9.8
indexable matter : sec. 7.1
IR database design : 1.190
IR databases. digital libraries : 1.193; full-text encyclopedias : 1.193; indexing and abstracting services : 1.192; monographs : 1.191
KWAC indexes : 12.241
KWIC indexes : 12.234; in indexing and abstracting services in print media : 12.330
KWOC indexes : 12.239
locators : sec. 15.1
low exhaustivity : 9.7
MARC formats for books : 20.5; for name authorities : 20.8
media for IR databases : sec. 5.5
metadata records using Dublin Core : sec. 20.5.2
NEPHIS coding : 12.174
NEPHIS index headings : 12.175
notation in Universal decimal classification: 12.216
opening screens for IR databases : 19.71; for electronic searches : 19.77
permuted syntax : 12.248
places in subject scope analysis : 2.48
policies for arrangement of displayed indexes : sec. 17.4
Publisher Item Identifier (PII) : 15.18
record formats : sec. 20.7
rotated term syntax : 12.123
search interfaces : 19.53
Serial Item & Contribution Identifier (SICI) : 15.20
specificity : sec. 10.3, sec. 10.8
subject scope analysis : sec. 2.5
surrogate displays : 19.81
surrogates : sec. 14.5
syntactic cross references : 12.266
syntax : sec. 12.4; impact on precision : 12.4
text encoding schemas : 21.19
time in subject scope analysis : 2.49
vocabulary management : sec. 13.4
exhaustivity : chap. 9
alternative levels for book indexes : 9.28
among variables in IR research : 8.12
calculation : sec. 9.2; terms versus headings : 9.21; in displayed indexes versus non-displayed indexes : 9.22
definition : 9.1
examples : sec. 9.3
for book indexes : sec. 9.3.1
for digital libraries : sec. 9.3.3
for indexing for encyclopedias : sec. 9.3.3
for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 9.3.2
for routine documents : 9.30
high exhaustivity. advantages : 9.6; examples : 9.8
impact on indexable matter : 7.6; on recall and precision : sec. 9.1.3, 9.9
interactions with specificity and vocabulary management : 10.44
low exhaustivity. advantages : 9.6; examples : 9.7
of automatic indexing for important documents : 9.32; in book indexes : 9.27
of human indexing for important documents : 9.31; in book indexes : 9.26
range : 9.4
relationship to documentary units : 9.24 to size of documentary units : 9.5
versus specificity : sec. 10.2
experimental research
on end-user thesauri : 13.23
expert judgment
application to world-wide web and internet : 8.257
in indexing : 8.252
versus use in evaluation of importance : 8.249
versus user preferences in IR database design : 8.251
expert systems
for subject analysis and indexing. examples. MedIndEx : 8.238
expert users
versus novice users : 1.10
experts
importance of non-topical features for : 3.8
versus novices.
interfaces. views of Raskin (Jef) : 19.59
exploration searches : 13.11
extraction
of index terms : 1.152; and assignment of index terms. combination : 1.154
facet analysis
avoiding meaningless categories : 2.51
by reference librarians : 2.42
role of Ranganathan (Shiyali Ramamrita) : sec. 2.3, 2.13
facet arrangement. see: facet order
facet indicators
in faceted syntax : 12.134
in Universal decimal classification: 12.215
facet order
in faceted classification. flexibility : 17.73
in Modern Language Association classification : 12.211
faceted classification
construction : sec. 17.3.2
display : sec. 17.3.2, 17.97; in print media : sec. 17.3.2.1
dynamic postings : 13.33, 17.99
facet order.
flexibility : 17.73
of MLA international bibliography: 19.38
syntax : 12.202
versus enumerative classification : 17.72
versus traditional classification for hypertext displays : 17.61
faceted index headings
display : 12.136
examples from Modern Language Association : 12.140
for indexing and abstracting services. display : 12.337; format : 12.336; generation : 12.335
staged display in hypertext : 17.44
faceted syntax : sec. 12.2.2.2
collocation : 12.155
compared to ad hoc string syntax : 12.170; to rotated term syntax : 12.132, 12.145
definition : 12.130
examples : 12.131
facet indicators : 12.134
for Library of Congress subject headings : sec. 12.2.2.2.1; coextensive index headings : 12.160; examples : 12.161; testing : 12.168; views of Chan (Lois Mai) : 12.157
in indexing and abstracting services : 12.332; examples : 12.334; indexing worksheet : 12.333
in specialized domains : 12.139
PRECIS : 12.133
role definers : 12.135, 12.144
role indicators : 12.134
facets
acronyms for. PMEST : 2.77, 2.78
and hierarchical relationships : 10.21
antecedents : 2.14
arrangement. views of Ranganathan (Shiyali Ramamrita) : 2.78; by other facets : 17.94; classified. within facet : 12.208; of topics : 17.81
browsable display. design features : 19.72; examples : 19.73
categorization of multiple index headings : 12.164
citation order : 17.109; role facets versus type facets : 17.111; for relational classified displays in print media : 17.74; for shelf arrangement : 17.74; in Bliss bibliographic classification : 17.110
definition : 2.77
for classification. determination : 17.75
for classification of literature : 17.76
for databases. arrangement : 17.84
for document collections. arrangement : 17.85
for end-user thesauri : 13.155
for ethnicities. arrangement : 17.83
for features of documentary units : 12.159
for Germanic languages. arrangement : 17.91
for groups. arrangement : 17.82
for Indo-European languages. arrangement : 17.89
for institutions. arrangement : 17.82
for language families. arrangement : 17.87
for languages. arrangement : 17.86
for library and information science : 17.80; special interest groups as sources : 17.77
for literature. fields in record formats : 20.19
for persons. arrangement : 17.82
for places. arrangement : 17.92
fundamental : 2.15
in ASIS thesaurus: 13.113
in EMTREE thesaurus: 13.32
in subject scope analysis : 2.83
of Bliss bibliographic classification applied to Library of Congress subject headings: 12.158
of Ranganathan (Shiyali Ramamrita) for diesel engines : 2.79
primary. for end-user thesauri : 13.156
role in classification : 17.72
tests for membership : 2.82
versus topical groupings in subject scope analysis : 2.80, 2.84
versus topics. number : 2.86
failure analysis
in testing and evaluation of IR databases : 22.16
Fairthorne (Robert)
views on human indexing : 8.46
Farradane (Jason)
views on human indexing : 8.70; views on relational indexing : 12.185; views on term relationships : 13.182
features
non-topical. identification in human indexing : 8.108; in subject scope analysis : 2.56; versus topics : sec. 3.13 (clear distinctions : 3.49)
of documentary units. facets : 12.159
role as topics : 2.60
versus topics : 2.59; distinguishing : 2.61, 2.66; role of methodological approaches : 2.64; on opening screens : 2.75
feedback
in automatic indexing : 8.228
in searching : 8.228
fiction
indexes to : 1.120
IR databases for : 1.164
fictitious entities
in IR databases : 1.28
field research
on use of thesauri : 13.24
field tags
for term records : 13.158
fields
in MARC formats : 20.6
in record formats for book indexes : 20.44; for facets of literature : 20.19
order in display of surrogates : 16.15, 16.20
film media
IR databases for : 1.165
filtering
relevance feedback : 8.233
first lines
as basis for indexing : 1.137
fish-eye menu displays : 17.34
flat file databases
as models for databases : 1.18
folklore
specialized categories in subject scope : 2.55
form subdivisions
in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.26, 12.90
versus topical subdivisions. confusion in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.90
formats
as non-topical features : sec. 3.4
as searchable features : sec. 3.4
definition : 1.50
for faceted index headings for indexing and abstracting services : 12.336
for KWIC indexes : 12.238
for language texts : 3.26
for music : 3.25
for surrogates : 14.5
in documentary scope for indexing and abstracting services : 3.54
presentation. media formats : 3.31
presentation. physical formats : 3.31
terminology : 3.27
versus media in Dublin Core metadata : 3.30
Foskett (A. C.)
views on human indexing : 8.69
frame-based structures
in indexing : 12.192
free-text terms
definition : 1.61
frequency
inverse document. of words : 8.151
of co-occurrence.
ranking of related terms : 8.202
of words. in automatic indexing : sec. 8.3.4; in collections : sec. 8.3.5; impact of stemming : 8.155; use in ranking of texts : 8.150
frequent users
versus new users : 1.10
Frohmann (Bernd)
views on human indexing : 8.67, 8.78; on rules for human indexing : 8.103; on rules for human indexing of Cooper (William S.) : 8.114; on social context of human indexing : 8.88
Fugmann (Robert)
views on human indexing : 8.43
full stops (dots, periods)
treatment in automatic indexing : 8.136
full-text databases see: full-text IR databases
full-text encyclopedias
as examples of IR databases : 1.193
documentary domain : sec. 4.3.3
documentary scope : sec. 3.14.3
documentary units : sec. 6.5.3
indexable matter : sec. 7.4.3
media : sec. 5.5.3
methods of analysis : sec. 8.6.3
subject scope analysis : sec. 2.5.3
full-text IR databases : 1.179
definition : 1.30
multiple documentary units : 6.32
smaller documentary units : 6.30
thesauri : 13.82
full-text searching
documentary units : 6.42
of books in electronic media. syntax : 12.320
full-text sources
variability of vocabulary : 13.19
full texts
access : 21.71
analysis. views of Harper (David et al.) : 21.62; views of Hearst (Marti) : 21.60; for passage retrieval : 21.59
as basis for indexing : 1.130
as indexable matter : sec. 7.1.8; for high-use documents : 7.26
display : chap. 21; examples : sec. 21.4; options : 21.69
encoding with TEI : 21.51
in digital libraries. display : sec. 21.4.3
in digital media. browsing : sec. 21.3; display : 21.4; encoding schemas : sec. 21.2 (HTML as example : 21.32); size of documentary units : 21.58
in electronic books. display : sec. 21.4.1.
in electronic encyclopedias. display : sec. 21.4.3.
in electronic indexing and abstracting services. display : 21.72
in indexing and abstracting services. display : sec. 21.4.2
links and documentary units in HTML : 21.33
original formats. display : 21.17
searches in HTML : 21.40
Furnas (George W. et al.)
views on variability of vocabulary : 13.14
gedanken experimentation
role in rules for human indexing : 8.116
gender
role in human indexing : 8.85
social construction : 8.86
gender studies
essentialism versus social constructionism : 8.83
generic categories
role in subject scope analysis : 2.12
generic posting
and up-posting versus specificity : 10.19
generic terms
collocation of minor concepts : 10.40
genres
as non-topical features : sec. 3.4
as searchable features : sec. 3.4
for language texts : 3.26
indexes to : 1.120
of music : 3.25
terminology : 3.27
versus styles in music : 3.25
geographic subdivisions
in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.30, 12.59
geographical information systems : 1.168
Germanic languages
facets. arrangement : 17.91
Green (Rebecca)
views on syntagmatic relationships in indexing : sec. 12.2.3.1.
Greene (Stephan et al.)
views on purpose of surrogates : 14.8
guidance
versus censorship in indexing : sec. 8.5.1
guidelines
for ad hoc syntax : 12.255
for analysis in cataloging and classification at Rutgers University : 8.93
for indexing. subjective nature : 8.94
views of Hjørland (Birger) : 8.95
for search interfaces : 19.69
for surrogates : sec. 14.2
hardware
for IR databases : 1.205
Harper (David et al.)
views on analysis of full texts : 21.62
Head (Alison J.)
views on customization of interfaces : 19.62
headings see: index headings; subject headings
Hearst (Marti A.)
views on search interfaces and visualization : 19.50; on analysis of full texts : 21.60
hierarchical arrangement
in classification : 12.209
hierarchical displays
in thesauri. term relationships : 13.190
in Unesco thesaurus (1977): 13.92
hierarchical levels
multiple. display in Unesco thesaurus (1995): 13.102
hierarchical relationships
and facets : 10.21
in thesauri : 13.179
versus associative relationships in thesauri : 13.189, 13.195
versus roles : 10.31
hierarchical specificity : 10.24
Historical abstracts
record format : sec. 20.3
table of contents : 19.10
history
indexing and abstracting services : 19.10
of cataloging : 1.1
of displayed indexes : 11.6
of exact match syntax : 12.282
of indexing : 1.1
of IR databases : 1.1
of librarianship : 1.1
of non-displayed indexes : 11.7
of syntax in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.21
Hjerppe (Roland)
views on ontologies versus knowledge organization systems : 13.226
Hj¿rland (Birger)
views on guidelines for indexing : 8.95; on human indexing : 8.57; on nature of subjects : 8.61
Hockey (Susan)
views on SGML : 21.31; on TEI : 21.45
homographs
in thesauri : sec. 13.3.3.1.7
homonymy principle.
for subject heading systems : 12.106
HTML
and XML. relationship with SGML : 21.43
as example of encoding schemas for full texts in digital media : 21.32
bandwidth needs : 21.41
definition : 21.24
international aspects : 21.42
international standards body : 21.27
links : 21.25; and documentary units in full texts : 21.33
problems : 21.35
searches of full texts : 21.40
syntax : 21.38
versus TEI : 21.54; XML : 21.34
human analysis
methods for human indexing : 8.27
human-computer interaction : sec. 19.3, 19.2
human indexers
contributions. identification : 8.254
role in assessments of authority : 8.253
human indexing : sec. 8.2, 1.148
allocation. criteria : 8.247; to important documents : 8.242
analysis steps : 8.32
and automatic indexing. combination : 1.150
application of views of Wittgenstein (Ludwig) : 8.78
as model for automatic indexing : 8.76
cognition versus social construction : sec. 8.2.1
cognitive processes : 8.28, 8.31
compared to automatic indexing : 8.162, 8.169; incompatibility : 8.168
compared to keywords based on Zipfian distributions : 8.167
consistency : 8.64
culture versus cognition : 8.87
exhaustivity for important documents : 9.31; in book indexes : 9.26
identification of non-topical features : 8.108
index terms. specificity in book indexes : 10.50
methods for analysis. British standards : 8.92; international standards : 8.92
methods of human analysis : 8.27
numerical values for decision making : 8.124
of image texts. recommended resources : 8.112; rules : sec. 8.2.2.1
positive attributes : 8.77
probabilistic rules : sec. 8.2.2.2
request-oriented. qualitative judgments : 8.102
role. views of Bates (Marcia J.) : 8.245
role in high-precision IR : 9.20
role of documentary features : 8.30; of gender : 8.85; of specialized categories : 8.100
rules : sec. 8.2.2, 8.91; domain analysis as basis : 8.105; limitations : 8.101; relation to subject scope and documentary scope : 8.96; role of decision theory : 8.116; role of gedanken experimentation : 8.116; role of utility theory : 8.116; views of Frohmann (Bernd) : 8.103
rules of Cooper (William S.). views of Frohmann (Bernd) : 8.114
social context. views of Frohmann (Bernd) : 8.88
specialized rules : 8.97
standards for analysis : 8.92
use for identification of useful documents : 8.244
variability : 8.63
versus automatic indexing : 8.2, 8.258; allocation : 8.241; cost-benefit analysis : 8.25; cultural factors : 8.37; evidence from use : 8.22; research : sec. 8.1; results : 8.3; user preferences : 8.23
views of Anderson (James D.) : 8.73; of Artandi (Susan) : 8.75; of Beghtol (Clare) : 8.72; of Chan (Lois Mai) : 8.39; of Chicago manual of style: 8.42; of Cooper (William S.) : 8.115; of Fairthorne (Robert) : 8.46; of Farradane (Jason) : 8.70; of Foskett (A. C.) : 8.69; of Frohmann (Bernd) : 8.67, 8.78; of Fugmann (Robert) : 8.43; of Hj¿rland (Birger) : 8.57; of Lancaster (F. W.) : 8.45; of Mulvany (Nancy) : 8.33; of O'Connor (Brian) : 8.47; of Soergel (Dagobert) : 8.44; of Taylor (Arlene) : 8.56; of Wellisch (Hans) : 8.48; of Wilson (Patrick) : 8.51
human intellectual analysis
of texts for indexing : 1.148
human searching
versus automatic indexing : 8.125
human searching behavior
role in automatic indexing : 8.234
hybrid databases
IR databases : 1.201
hypertext
alphanumeric displays. examples : 17.35; goals : 17.32
automatic conversion of linear text : 21.15
books in electronic media : 6.37, 6.38
constrained : 21.13
conversion of linear text : 21.9
cross references : 13.207
display. of classification : 12.195, 17.59; of Dewey decimal classification : sec. 17.3.1, 17.67, 17.70; of string indexing : 17.40; of subject headings : 17.35, 17.39
documentary units : 6.20; on world-wide web : 6.21
guidelines : 21.8
interactivity : 21.6
relational classified displays. research : 17.56
staged display of alphanumeric indexes : 17.29, 17.38; of faceted index headings : 17.44; of index headings : 17.43
versus linear text : sec. 21.1
hypertext databases
as models for databases : 1.19
hypertext displays
advantages : 17.31
alphanumeric arrangement : sec. 17.2
scrolling : 17.32
traditional classification versus faceted classification : 17.61
visual limitations : 17.30
hypertext indexes
for electronic books : 17.125
hypertext links
in digital libraries : 12.341
in electronic encyclopedias : 12.341
hypertext locators
indicators of postings : 15.12
hypertext media
display of index headings : 17.42
hyphens
treatment in automatic indexing : 8.134
icons
versus words : 19.56
views of Raskin (Jef) : 19.58
identification
of phrases in automatic indexing : 8.185; cost versus benefits : 8.180
of word roots in stemming : 8.156
illustrators
indexes to : 1.115
image texts
and sound texts. terminology : 8.113
automatic indexing. views of Pérez-López (Kathleen Golitko) : 8.111
human indexing. recommended resources : 8.112; rules : sec. 8.2.2.1
indexing. views of Jorgensen (Corinne) : 8.110; by Altavista web search engine : 8.127
versus language texts. automatic indexing : 8.5, 8.126; as indexable matter for world-wide websites : 7.15
imaginary entities
in IR databases : 1.28
importance
evaluation. expert judgment versus use : 8.249
important documents
exhaustivity of automatic indexing : 9.32; exhaustivity of human indexing : 9.31
inconsistency
in searching : 8.66
indented layout
versus run-in layout for book indexes : 18.18
index entries
arrangement : sec. 1.5.5
criteria : 1.74
definition : 1.68
locators for documentary units in book indexes : 19.85
numbers of. determination : 1.71
index entry arrays
definition : 1.69
presentation : 1.70
index headings
based on document titles : 12.226; on natural language text : 12.225
clarity : 12.147
coextensive. in string syntax : 12.127, 12.128; using faceted syntax for Library of Congress subject headings: 12.160
collocation : 12.148
compared to search statements. syntax : 12.1, 12.6
definition : 1.62
display in hypertext media : 17.42
examples based on ad hoc string syntax : 12.317, 12.318
faceted. display : 12.136; examples from Modern Language Association : 12.140; staged displa. in hypertext : 17.44; for indexing and abstracting services (display : 12.337; format : 12.336; generation : 12.335)
in displayed indexes. merging : 18.4
locators. number of : 1.73
multiple. categorization using facets : 12.164
nonsensical. in permuted indexes : 12.250
permuted. versus cross references in book indexes : 18.16
precoordinate. : 12.8
predictability : 12.156
purpose : 12.7
staged display in hypertext : 17.43
syntax : chap. 12; definition : 1.63
versus classification captions : 12.196; search statements : 11.1
within facets. classified arrangements : 12.208
index statements
examples for ad hoc string syntax : 12.316
index terms
assigned by automatic indexing. specificity in book indexes : 10.51
assigned by human indexing. specificity in book indexes : 10.50
assignment : 1.153; criteria : 2.65
combination. methods : sec. 1.5.8, 1.156; necessity : 1.155
definition : 1.58
extraction : 1.152
extraction and assignment. combination : 1.154
postcoordinate combination : 1.158
precoordinate combination : 1.157
precoordinate combination and postcoordinate combination : 1.159
role of chemical symbols : 1.128; of common words : 1.124; of mathematical symbols : 1.127; of musical symbols : 1.129; of numbers : 1.125; of proper nouns : 1.124; of symbols : 1.126; of words : 1.123
selection. methods : sec. 1.5.7
specificity in book indexes : sec. 10.8.1; in digital libraries : sec. 10.8.3; in encyclopedias : sec. 10.8.3; in indexing and abstracting services : sec. 10.8.2
specificity versus scope : 10.3
types of : sec. 1.5.2
indexable matter : chap. 7
abstracts : sec. 7.1.2
complete texts versus partial texts : 7.2
economic aspects : 7.5
elimination of types of messages : sec. 7.1.9
extent. among variables in IR research : 8.11
for book indexes : sec. 7.4.1, 7.18
for books in electronic media : 7.23
for digital libraries : sec. 7.4.3
for full-text encyclopedias : sec. 7.4.3
for high-use documents : 7.25
for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 7.4.2
for maps : 7.28
for mixed-text documents : 7.4
for non-language-based texts : 7.3
for world-wide websites. language-based texts versus image texts : 7.15
full texts : sec. 7.1.8
full texts for high-use documents : 7.26
impact of exhaustivity of indexing : 7.6
impact of size of documentary units : 7.6
impact on accuracy of indexing : sec. 7.3
initial paragraphs : sec. 7.1.4
internal indexes : sec. 7.1.5
lead paragraphs : 7.29
opening screens of world-wide websites : sec. 7.1.7
preliminary matter : sec. 7.1.3
reference citations : sec. 7.1.6
role for world-wide web search engines : 7.14
tables of contents : sec. 7.1.5
titles : sec. 7.1.1; adequacy : 12.231
variations : 7.7
varieties : sec. 1.5.3
versus subject scope : sec. 7.2
indexers
and searchers. variability of vocabulary : 13.17
as source of terms for end-user thesauri : 13.148
indexes
attributes : 1.111
back-of-the-book. see: book indexes
definition : 1.34
design. technical report : 0.5
display. standards : 19.16
for digital libraries. size : sec. 18.1.3
for electronic books. browsing : 15.49; locators : 15.47; postings : 15.50; vocabulary management : 13.250
for electronic encyclopedias. size : sec. 18.1.3
for indexing and abstracting services. size : sec. 18.1.2
for printed books. size : 18.1
internal. as indexable matter : sec. 7.1.5
kinds of objects represented : sec. 1.5.1
presentation : sec. 1.5.4
repetition of recurring elements : 19.29
searching. methods : sec. 1.5.4
size. determination : 18.2; estimation : 18.3; impact of syntax : 12.184; relationship to document size : 18.14
standards. endorsement by American Society for Information Science : 1.99; impossibility : 1.106; lack of consensus : 1.105; objections of American Society of Indexers : 1.97; opposition : 1.96; opposition from American Society for Information Science : 1.100; role of NISO Committee YY : 0.4, 1.95
stop lists for reducing size : 8.146
syntax as essential attribute : 12.5
to ... see: indexes to ... (separate main heading)
types : 1.110
versus classifications. arrangement : 12.205
versus IR databases : 1.204
versus vocabulary lists in non-displayed indexes : 11.13
indexes to
Bible verses : 1.117
choreographers : 1.116
composers : 1.116
document numbers : 1.121
documents : 1.117
editors : 1.115
fiction : 1.120
genres : 1.120
illustrators : 1.115
institutions : 1.117
international standard numbers : 1.121
laws : 1.117
lexicographers : 1.116
novels : 1.120
painters : 1.116
places : 1.117
poems : 1.120
publishers : 1.115
quotations : 1.117
science fiction : 1.120
sculptors : 1.116
short stories : 1.120
subjects : 1.117
titles : 1.119
topics : 1.114
translators : 1.115
indexing
accuracy. impact of indexable matter : sec. 7.3
and analysis of messages, texts, documents. methods : chap. 8
and cataloging by document creators : 20.29
and subject analysis. expert systems. examples. MedIndEx : 8.238; use of checktags : 8.239
and subject analysis in indexing and abstracting services : sec. 8.4
based on abstracts : 1.132; on bibliographic coupling and co-citation: 8.108; on first lines : 1.137; on full text : 1.130; on introductory matter : 1.135; on lead paragraphs : 1.133; on reference citations : 1.136; on tables of contents : 1.134; on titles : 1.131
censorship versus guidance : sec. 8.5.1
computer algorithmic analysis of texts : 1.149
controlled vocabularies versus un-controlled vocabularies : 10.42
exhaustive. of authors : 9.3
exhaustivity : chap. 9; calculation : sec. 9.2; definition : 9.1; examples : sec. 9.3; for book indexes : sec. 9.3.1; for digital libraries : sec. 9.3.3; for encyclopedias : sec. 9.3.3; for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 9.3.2; impact on indexable matter : 7.6; impact on recall and precision : sec. 9.1.3; versus specificity : sec. 10.2
expert judgment : 8.252
frame-based structures : 12.192
guidelines. subjective nature : 8.94; views of Hj¿rland (Birger) : 8.95
high-threshold of importance. role in high-precision IR : 9.18
history : 1.1
human intellectual analysis of texts : 1.148
multiple approaches in IR databases : 8.4
of concrete entities and events. compared to indexing of messages : 1.23
of image texts. views of Jorgensen (Corinne) : 8.110
of image texts by Altavista web search engine : 8.127
of messages : 1.24; compared to indexing of concrete entities and events : 1.23
of proper nouns : 8.179
role of machines versus humans : 8.258
role of syntax : 12.2
rules for MLA international bibliography: 8.98
specificity of vocabulary : chap. 10
standards : 1.81
syntagmatic relationships. views of Green (Rebecca) : sec. 12.2.3.1.
versus classification : 17.50
vocabulary. size. impact of specificity : sec. 10.6
indexing and abstracting services
arrangement of displayed indexes : sec. 17.4.2
as examples of IR databases : 1.192
computer-aided indexing and subject analysis : 8.240
contents of surrogates : 14.22
displayed indexes and non-displayed indexes : sec. 11.4.2
displayed indexes. purpose : 12.338; in electronic media : 17.129; in print media : 17.128;
documentary domain : sec. 4.3.2
documentary scope : sec. 3.14.2; audience : 3.56; authorship : 3.63; document titles : 3.64; formats : 3.54; language : 3.57; levels of treatment : 3.56; media : 3.53; methodological approaches : 3.65; periodicity : 3.55; place of publication : 3.58; points of view : 3.65; qualitative criteria : 3.61; searchable features : 3.62; specific documents : 3.60; time of publication : 3.59
documentary units : sec. 6.5.2, 6.7, 6.40; for high-use documents : 6.41
exhaustivity of indexing : sec. 9.3.2
external locators : 15.56
faceted index headings. ; display : 12.337; format : 12.336; generation : 12.335
faceted syntax : 12.332
faceted syntax. examples : 12.334; indexing worksheet : 12.333
for anthropology : 19.9
for history : 19.10
for information science : 19.12
for sociology : 19.11
full texts. display : sec. 21.4.2
in electronic media. comprehensive searches : 12.322; full texts. display : 21.72; interface designs : 19.94; locators : 15.54; postings : 15.55; targeted searches : 12.327; use of clustering in searches : 12.328; use of proximity requirements in searches : 12.326; use of truncation in searches : 12.325; vocabulary management for non-displayed indexes : 13.262
in print media. comprehensive searches : 12.329; displayed indexes based on automatic indexing : 12.329; interface designs : 19.92; internal locators : 15.53; KWIC indexes. examples : 12.330; search interfaces : 19.6; use of enumerative classification : 19.14; vocabulary management : 13.258
indexable matter : sec. 7.4.2
indexes. size : sec. 18.1.2
interface designs : sec. 19.4.2
internal locators : 15.5
locators : sec. 15.1.2
media : sec. 5.5.2
methods of analysis : sec. 8.6.2
opening screens. subject scope : 2.95
record formats : sec. 20.7.2. 20.15
selective searches : 12.331
software : 22.5
specificity of index terms : sec. 10.8.2
subject analysis and indexing : sec. 8.4
subject scope analysis : sec. 2.5.2
subject scope. presentation : 2.94
surrogates : sec. 14.5.2; display : sec. 16.1.2; role of keywords : 14.23
syntax : sec. 12.4.2
tables of contents : 19.7
terminology : 6.39
vocabulary management : sec. 13.4.2
indexing languages
criteria : 12.12
precoordinate. criteria : 12.15
indexing odds-payoff chart : 8.119
indexing processes
recommended resources : 8.6
indexing rules
social construction. application of views of Wittgenstein (Ludwig) : 8.80
indexing staff
and advisory groups. selection of useful documents : 8.250
indexing systems
postcoordinate. on paper media : 5.18
indexing theory
compared to queer theory : 8.81
indexing thesauri : sec. 13.3.2
examples : sec. 13.3.2
versus end-user thesauri : 13.120; differences : 13.121
indexing worksheets
for faceted syntax in indexing and abstracting services : 12.333
Indo-European languages
facets. arrangement : 17.89
inequality
of documents : 8.256
information
versus data : 1.5
views of Korfhage (Robert R.) : 1.41
visualization : 19.51
information architects
role : 1.207
information content
of IR databases. overviews : 19.52
information needs and desires
categories : 13.3
information professionals
responsibility in absence of standards : 1.109
information retrieval. see: IR (information retrieval)
information science
as example of bound term : 1.159
indexing and abstracting services : 19.12
paradigms : 8.59
Information science abstracts
table of contents : 19.12
information seeking
research : 13.13
information seeking situations
continua : 13.12
information understanding
role of domain analysis : 8.60
initialisms
in alphanumeric arrangement : 17.20
institutions
indexes to : 1.117
versus societies in descriptive cataloging : 2.19
insurance
as example of complex phenomena in subject scope analysis : 2.39
integrating and continuing resources
as non-topical features : sec. 3.5; as searchable features : sec. 3.5
interaction
among design options : pt2.8
in hypertext : 21.6
interface designs
for book indexes : sec. 19.4.1; in electronic media : 19.87; in print media : 19.83
for digital libraries : sec. 19.4.3
for electronic encyclopedias : sec. 19.4.3
for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 19.4.2; in electronic media : 19.94; in print media : 19.92
guidance. literature about : 19.48; taxonomy of : 19.46
internal locators
for indexing and abstracting services : 15.5
internal metadata
record formats using Dublin Core : sec. 20.5
international aspects
of HTML : 21.42
International Standard AudioVisual Number (ISAN) : 15.32
International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) : 16.17
International Standard Music Number (ISMN) : 15.30
international standard numbers
indexes to : 1.121
International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) : 15.31
International Standard Work Code (ISWC) : 15.33
international standards
on methods for analysis in human indexing : 8.92
international standards body
for HTML : 21.27
internet
and world-wide web. application of expert judgment : 8.257
internet resources
IR databases for : 1.172
interoperability
for metadata schemas : 20.38; standards : 20.40
vocabulary data. standards : 20.41
introductory matter
as basis for indexing : 1.135
inverse document frequency
of words : 8.151
inverted files
as non-displayed indexes : 11.8, 12.271
definition : 12.272
IR (information retrieval)
components of problems : 1.7
controversies : 1.93
documentary units as limiting factor : 6.23
high-precision. role of automatic indexing : 9.20; role of high-threshold indexing : 9.18; role of human indexing : 9.20
high-recall. role of automatic indexing : 9.19
natural laws : sec. 6.2
political aspects : 8.107
purposes for diverse users : 8.104
role in support of civilization : 1.2
role of abstracts : 6.28
role of automatic indexing : sec. 8.5
role of browsing : 11.25; research : sec. 11.2
role of documentation : 6.2
role of relational classified displays : 17.57
standards : 1.94
versus document retrieval : 6.1
views of Chowdhury (Gobinda G.) : 0.9
wants versus needs : 8.106
IR database design
chaos and creativity versus stability : 1.107
examples : 1.190
expert judgment versus user preferences : 8.251
fundamental issues : 0.3
implementation : chap. 22; outside scope of book : 22.3
standards : sec. 1.4
terminology : 1.11
testing and evaluation : 22.9
views of Bates (Marcia J.) : 0.8; views of Milstead (Jessica L.) : 0.7
IR database designers
role : 1.207
IR database features
omission by IR database vendors : 22.11
IR database producers
importance of documentary scope descriptions for : 3.3
versus IR database vendors : 22.10
IR database vendors
omission of IR database features : 22.11
versus IR database producers : 22.10
IR databases : sec. 1.6.2
abstract entities : 1.28
alternative names for : 1.29
as hybrid databases : 1.201
as messages, texts, and documents : 5.1
attributes : 1.111, pt2.6; list : pt2.7
authorship : sec. 1.5.14
beta testing : 22.17
braille media : 1.178
card files as favored medium : 5.7
CD-ROMs as media : sec. 5.3.2
channels of transmission. world-wide web : sec. 5.3.3
codes and symbols : sec. 5.4, 5.32
concrete entities : 1.27
concrete events : 1.27
content. separation from search interfaces : 19.37
coverage. impact of documentary domain : 4.1
defining characteristics : 4.4
design : 1.6
design options. impact of media : 5.2
design specifications : 1.206
documentary domain : chap. 4
documentary units : 6.34
examples. digital libraries : 1.193; full-text encyclopedias : 1.193; indexing and abstracting services : 1.192; monographs : 1.191
fictitious entities : 1.28
for .... see: IR databases for ... (separate main heading)
full-text. smaller documentary units : 6.30
hardware : 1.205
history : 1.1
imaginary entities : 1.28
in libraries. software : 22.6
indexing. multiple approaches : 8.4
key entities. messages : 1.200
media : sec. 1.5.10; examples : sec. 5.5; for display : chap. 5; options : 5.4; books : sec. 5.1.2 (advantages : 5.10); card files : sec. 5.1.1 (disadvantages : 5.8); computer-output microfilm : 5.22; electronic media : sec. 5.3, 1.176 (as current standard : 5.16; interfaces : sec. 19.4; types : 5.26); microforms : 1.175, sec. 5.2; paper : 1.174, sec. 5.1 (versus electronic media : 5.14);
mental images : 11.21
online access : sec. 5.3.1
opening screens. design features : 19.70; examples : 19.71
paper. as favored medium : 5.5; paper formats : 5.6
periodicity : sec. 1.5.13
personal. software : 22.8
presentation : 1.141
primary sources versus secondary sources : sec. 4.1
proximity of documents : sec. 1.5.11
qualitative studies : 22.18
reference. documentary units versus surrogates : 6.26; smaller documentary units : 6.29
secondary sources : 4.7
selection of documents. principles : 4.5
sound media : 1.177
special types. paper as medium : 5.17
subject domains : 2.10
testing and evaluation : chap. 22; measurement : 22.14; outside scope of book : 22.3; readings : 22.13
text options : 5.3
unit of manipulation : 5.23
versus concrete entity and event databases : 1.196, 1.197, 1.202, 8.55
versus indexes : 1.204
IR databases for
books : 1.162
collections of documents : 1.186; documentary scope descriptions : 3.4, 3.6
complete documents : 1.185
computer software : 1.171
fiction : 1.164
film media : 1.165
internet resources : 1.172
machine-readable texts : 1.170
maps : 1.168
monographs : 1.162
motion pictures : 1.165
music : 1.169
periodicals : 1.161
photographic media : 1.165
pictures : 1.167
poetry : 1.163
single documents. documentary scope descriptions : 3.5
slides : 1.165
small documentary units : 1.184
sound recordings : 1.169
videotapes : 1.166
IR protocols
Z39.50 standard : 20.42
IR research
conflation of variables : 8.18, 8.20
role of users : 8.8
TREC. role of users : 8.21
variables : 8.9; views of Cooper (William S.) : 8.19; browsability : 8.13; exhaustivity : 8.12; extent of indexable matter : 8.11; size of documentary units : 8.10; specificity : 8.12a; surrogation : 8.17; syntax : 8.14; vocabulary management : 8.16
IR systems
definition : 1.33
ISO standards
for SGML : 21.22
Jorgensen (Corinne)
views on indexing of image texts : 8.110
Joseph (Michael)
metadata records using Dublin Core : 20.35
judges
of relevance : 1.78
key entities
for IR databases. messages : 1.200
keyword indexes : sec. 8.3.2
natural language syntax : 12.233
keyword searches
using Library of Congress subject headings: 12.75
keywords
based on Zipfian distributions. compared to human indexing : 8.167
definition : 1.61
effectiveness : 8.166
identification based on transition points in Zipfian distributions : 8.161, 8.165
role in surrogates in indexing and abstracting services : 14.23
knowledge
anomalous states. views of Belkin (Nicholas J.) : 13.13
versus data : 1.5
views of Korfhage (Robert R.) : 1.41
knowledge discovery
role of surrogates : 14.16
knowledge organization
treatment by activity theory : 8.58
knowledge organization systems
versus ontologies. views of Hjerppe (Roland) : 13.226
known items
searches with known vocabulary : 13.4; with unknown vocabulary : 13.5
Korfhage (Robert R.)
views on data, information, knowledge, wisdom : 1.41
Kuhr (Pat)
and Michel (Dee). compilation of term relationships : 13.186
KWAC indexes : sec. 12.2.5.3
definition : 12.241
example : 12.241
phrases : 12.242
word pairs : 12.242
KWIC indexes : sec. 12.2.5.1
collocation : 12.236
definitions : 12.234
display. in Unesco thesaurus (1977): 13.91
examples : 12.234; in indexing and abstracting services in print media : 12.330
format : 12.238
syntax. evaluation : 12.235
KWOC indexes : sec. 12.2.5.2
definition : 12.239
example : 12.239
phrases : 12.240
word pairs : 12.240
Lancaster (F. W.)
views on human indexing : 8.45
Landauer (Thomas K.)
views on users as source of terms for end-user thesauri : 13.132
language
as non-topical feature, as searchable feature : sec. 3.8
human. richness : 13.2
in documentary scope for indexing and abstracting services : 3.57
specialized categories in subject scope : 2.55
language-based texts
versus image texts as indexable matter for world-wide websites : 7.15
language families
facet. arrangement : 17.87
language model
for automatic indexing : 8.129
for best match syntax : 12.298
language texts
formats : 3.26
genres : 3.26
versus image texts. automatic indexing : 8.5, 8.126
versus non-language texts. automatic indexing : 8.5
versus sound texts. automatic indexing : 8.126
languages
facets. arrangement : 17.86
latent semantic indexing : sec. 8.3.11.1
vocabulary management : 8.222
laws
indexes to : 1.117
of information retrieval : sec. 6.2
lead-in terms
in end-user thesauri : 13.122
lead paragraphs
as basis for indexing : 1.133
as indexable matter : 7.29
Lehnus (Donald J.)
views on book numbers : 15.39
levels
of treatment as non-topical feature : sec. 3.6; as searchable feature : sec. 3.6; in documentary scope for indexing and abstracting services : 3.56
lexicographers
indexes to : 1.116
librarianship
history : 1.1
libraries
call numbers : 15.37 (examples : 15.41; local nature : 15.43)
compared to databases : 1.4
IR databases. software : 22.6
locators : 15.36
surrogates. display : 16.16
library and information science
classification. retroactive notation : 17.117
facets : 17.80; special interest groups as sources : 17.77
library catalogs : 1.181
cross references : 13.68; absence : 12.49
documentary units : 6.24
Library of Congress
views on specificity : 10.5
Library of Congress classification
syntax : 12.201
Library of Congress filing rules
as standard for alphanumeric arrangement : 1.83
Library of Congress subject headings : sec. 12.2.1, 12.18
alphabetical browsing : 12.70
application of facets of Bliss bibliographic classification : 12.158
arrangement of subdivisions : 12.53
broader term cross references : 12.43
categorization of subdivisions : 12.58
chronological subdivisions : 12.34, 12.57
combination of entities and actions : 12.23
compared to vocabulary of users : 13.15
comprehensibility : 12.84
confusion between form subdivisions versus topical subdivisions : 12.90
decision trees : 12.65
display : 12.58, 12.61; views of American Library Association : 12.82; views of Drabenstott and Vizine-Goetz : 12.65
equivalent term cross references : 12.40
exact-match searches : 12.66
faceted syntax : sec. 12.2.2.2.1; coextensive index headings : 12.160; examples : 12.161; testing : 12.168; views of Chan (Lois Mai) : 12.157
form subdivisions : 12.26, 12.90
general cross references : 12.45
geographic subdivisions : 12.30, 12.59
keyword searches : 12.75
main headings : 12.22
modernization : 12.51
narrower term cross references : 12.41
national authority file : 12.55
professional and research literature : 12.96
recommendations for improvement : 12.52
related term cross references : 12.44
search decision trees : 12.81
specificity : 10.18
subdivision by place versus topic : 12.37
subdivision practice : 12.25
subdivisions : 12.60; conference on future : 12.52
syndetic structure : 12.38
syntax : 12.20; history : 12.21
topical subdivisions : 12.36
types of subject headings : 12.19
library performance
evaluation : 22.15
linear text
conversion to hypertext : 21.9; automatic : 21.15
versus hypertext : sec. 21.1
linguistics
specialized categories in subject scope : 2.55
links
in HTML : 21.25; and documentary units in full texts : 21.33
in postcoordinate syntax : 12.275
literary study
methodological approaches : 3.39
literary warrant principle.
for subject heading systems : 12.111
literature
facets. fields in record formats : 20.19; for classification : 17.76
record formats : 20.17
specialized categories in subject scope : 2.53, 2.54
locators : chap. 15
as indicators of postings : 15.11
chapter and paragraph numbers : 15.44
examples : sec. 15.1
external : 15.2; for indexing and abstracting services : 15.56
for book indexes : sec. 15.1.1, 12.314
for digital libraries : sec. 15.1.3
for digital resources : 15.16
for electronic encyclopedias : sec. 15.1.3
for indexes in electronic books : 15.47
for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 15.1.2; in electronic media : 15.54
for nonbook media : 15.13
for webpages : 15.14
hypertext. indicators of postings : 15.12
in book indexes : 15.7
in index entries in books : 19.85
in libraries : 15.36
in rotated term syntax : 12.125
internal : 15.4; for indexing and abstracting services : 15.5; in print media : 15.53
invisible : 15.6
numbers of. under headings : 1.73
paragraph numbers : 15.45
ranges. indication : 15.9
sequences of : 1.72
visible : 15.6
lower-case letters
treatment in automatic indexing : 8.144
machine-readable texts
codes for representation : 3.28
IR databases for : 1.170
machine searching
surrogates : sec. 14.4
machine translation
ontologies : 13.233
machines
versus humans in indexing : 8.258
main headings
in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.22
management information systems : 1.198
maps
indexable matter : 7.28
IR databases for : 1.168
MARC formats : sec. 20.1
as digital communications format : 20.12
fields : 20.6
for authority records : 20.7
for books. examples : 20.5
for classification data : 20.7
for name authorities. examples : 20.8
versus record formats for indexing and abstracting services : 20.15
websites : 20.14
MARC records
display : 16.19
Marchionini (Gary)
views on browsing : 11.31
mark-up languages. see: encoding schemas (for digital texts)
mathematical symbols
role in index terms : 1.127
measurement
for testing and evaluation of IR databases : 22.14
measures
of use versus censorship : 8.248
media
as non-topical feature : sec. 3.3
as searchable feature : sec. 3.3
audio. types : 3.20
CD-ROMs for IR databases : sec. 5.3.2
definition : 1.49
electronic. as standard for IR databases : 5.16; types for IR databases : 5.26; unit of manipulation : 5.24; versus paper. cost : 5.15
for book indexes : sec. 5.5.1
for digital libraries : sec. 5.5.3
for display of IR databases : chap. 5
for full-text encyclopedias : sec. 5.5.3
for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 5.5.2
for IR databases : sec. 1.5.10; examples : sec. 5.5; books : sec. 5.1.2 (advantages : 5.10); card files : sec. 5. 1.1 (disadvantages : 5.8); computer-output microfilm : 5.22; microforms : 1.175, sec. 5.2; paper : 1.174, sec. 5.1 (versus electronic media : 5.14)
for reading. advantages of paper : 5.12
impact on design options for IR databases : 5.2
in documentary scope for indexing and abstracting services : 3.53
nonbook. locators : 15.13
paper. postcoordinate indexing systems : 5.18; for special types of IR databases : 5.17
terminology : 3.27
versus formats in Dublin Core metadata : 3.30
visual. types : 3.19
media formats
versus presentation formats : 3.31
media options
for IR databases : 5.4
Medical subject headings : sec. 12.2.1.1
browsing versus searching : 12.101
MedIndEx
as examples of expert systems for subject analysis and indexing : 8.238
mental images
of IR databases : 11.21
menu displays
fish-eye. : 17.34
messages
analysis. methods : sec. 1.5.6
analysis and indexing. methods : chap. 8
as key entities for IR databases : 1.200
characteristics : 1.8
definition : 1.35
from nature : 3.16
indexing : 1.24; compared to indexing of concrete entities and events : 1.23
types. elimination as indexable matter : sec. 7.1.9
varieties : 1.5
versus works : 1.36
without human authors : 3.16
metadata
definition : 20.4
Dublin Core. formats versus media : 3.30; role in surrogates : 14.17
for Dublin Core website : 20.27
internal. record formats using Dublin Core : sec. 20.5
versus bibliographic records : 20.30
metadata records
using Dublin Core. example : sec. 20.5.2; by Joseph (Michael) : 20.35
metadata schemas : sec. 20.5.2
examples : 20.43
interoperability : 20.38; standards : 20.40
isolation versus consensus : 20.37
number : 20.36
methodological approaches
as non-topical feature : sec. 3.7
as searchable feature : sec. 3.7
as topic versus feature : 2.64
in documentary scope for indexing and abstracting services : 3.65
in literary study : 3.39
in subject scope versus documentary scope : 2.63
methods
for analysis. of messages : sec. 1.5.6; of documents, messages, texts : chap. 8; examples : sec. 8.6; for book indexes : sec. 8.6.1; for digital libraries : sec. 8.6.3; for full-text encyclopedias : sec. 8.6.3; for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 8.6.2
for analysis in human indexing : 8.27; British standards : 8.92; international standards : 8.92
for arrangement of retrieved documentary units : 12.288
for combination of index terms : sec. 1.5.8, 1.156
for searching of indexes : sec. 1.5.4
for selection of index terms : sec. 1.5.7
Michel (Dee)
and Kuhr (Pat). compilation of term relationships : 13.186
microfilm
computer-output. as media for IR databases : 5.22
microforms
as media for IR databases : 1.175, sec. 5.2
microthesauri
in Eurovoc thesaurus: 13.108
in Unesco thesaurus (1995): 13.99
Milstead (Jessica L.)
acknowledgments : 0.14
views on IR database design : 0.7
minor terms
vocabulary management : 8.193
MLA International Bibliography : 2.54
faceted classification : 19.38; facet arrangement : 12.211; syntax : 12.203
faceted index headings. examples : 12.140
opening screen. subject scope : 2.74
record formats : sec. 20.2
rules for indexing : 8.98
models
for databases. flat file databases : 1.18; hypertext databases : 1.19; object-oriented databases : 1.17; relational databases : 1.16
Modern Language Association of America. see: IR (information retrieval), MLA international bibliography
monitoring
of documentary domain : sec. 4.2
monographic databases : 1.187
monographic series : 3.35
monographs
as examples of IR databases : 1.191
IR databases for : 1.162
revised frequently. versus serials : 3.34
versus books : 3.36
versus serials as non-topical features : sec. 3.5
versus serials as searchable features : sec. 3.5
motion pictures
and video recordings. documentary units : 6.9
IR databases for : 1.165
multi-word phrases
in permuted syntax : 12.247
multiformats
versus multimedia : 3.32
multimedia
for book indexes : 5.33
versus multiformats : 3.32
Mulvany (Nancy)
views on human indexing : 8.33
music
documentary units : 6.10
formats : 3.25
genres : 3.25
IR databases for : 1.169
styles versus genres : 3.25
musical symbols
role in index terms : 1.129
name authorities
MARC formats. examples : 20.8
names
for actions : 2.31
narrower-term cross references : 13.46, 13.56
in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.41
narrower terms
equivalent-term cross references for. in book indexes : 13.243
NT as notation for : 13.56
versus related terms in syndetic structure : 13.57
versus related terms in thesauri : 13.57
narrowing
of searches with exact match syntax : 12.289
national authority file
for Library of Congress subject headings: 12.55
National Information Standards Organization (NISO). see: NISO
natural language syntax : sec. 12.2.5
adequacy of collocation : 12.232
compared to ad hoc string syntax : 12.171
criteria for evaluation : 12.230
effectiveness : 12.227, 12.229
in digital libraries : 12.228
in keyword indexes : 12.233
versus permuted syntax : 12.246
word pairs : 12.243
natural language text
as source for index headings : 12.225
nature
messages from : 3.16
navigation
browsing : 11.11
needs
versus wants in information retrieval : 8.106
needs assessment
not in scope of this book : 1.9
negative vocabulary control : 8.149
NEPHIS (Nested Phrase Indexing System)
as example of ad hoc string syntax : 12.172
coding examples : 12.174
index headings. examples : 12.175
notation : 12.173
syntax algorithm. explanation : 12.176
use for book indexes : 12.177
Nested Phrase Indexing System. see: NEPHIS (Nested Phrase Indexing System)
new users
versus frequent users : 1.10
Nielsen (Jakob)
views on scrolling : 19.66
NISO (National Information Standards Organization)
executive director. acknowledgment : 0.14, 0.15
standards for alphanumeric arrangement : 1.86
NISO Committee YY
members. acknowledgment : 0.14, 0.15
new standard for indexes : 0.4, 1.95
non-book media
locators for : 15.13
non-displayed indexes : 1.140
advantages : 11.14
characteristics : 11.12, 12.270
definition : 12.279
design : sec. 11.3
disadvantages : 11.16
for electronic books : 13.252
history : 11.7
role of search interfaces : 1.104
searches. presentation of suggestions for vocabulary management : 13.253
syntax. alternative options : 12.296; major types : 12.280
terminology for : 1.103; opposition from American Society for Information Science : 1.102
versus displayed indexes : chap. 11, 11.2; differences : 12.10; examples : sec. 11.4; for books : sec. 11.4.1; in digital libraries : sec. 11.4.3; in encyclopedias : sec. 11.4.3; in indexing and abstracting services : sec. 11.4.2; calculation of exhaustivity : 9.22; syntax : 11.9
versus vocabulary lists : 12.276
vocabulary lists versus indexes : 11.13
vocabulary management for indexing and abstracting services in electronic media : 13.262
non-displayed searching
in electronic media : 5.25
non-language texts
versus language texts. automatic indexing : 8.5
non-topical features
as searchable features : 3.11
audience : sec. 3.6
authors and authorship : sec. 3.1
biases : 3.40
combined with topics in searches : 3.7
continuing and integrating resources : sec. 3.5
examples : 3.10
formats : sec. 3.4
genres : sec. 3.4
identification in human indexing : 8.108
importance for experts : 3.8
in subject scope analysis : 2.56
language : sec. 3.8
levels of treatment : sec. 3.6
media : sec. 3.3
methodological approaches : sec. 3.7
monographs versus serials : sec. 3.5
periodicity : sec. 3.5
place of publication : sec. 3.9
point of view : sec. 3.7
role in relevance judgments : 3.9
terminology : 3.66
time of publication : sec. 3.10
titles : sec. 3.2
versus topics : sec. 3.13; clear distinctions : 3.49
notation
and captions for classification : 17.63
BT for broader terms : 13.61
for classification : 17.64, 17.115; types : 17.116; in call numbers : 15.40; in Unesco thesaurus (1977): 13.89
for relational syntax : 12.187
for thesauri. translation into natural human language : 13.59
in NEPHIS : 12.173
in Unesco thesaurus (1977): 13.90
in Universal decimal classification. examples : 12.216; compared to relational syntax : 12.217
NT for narrower terms : 13.56
retroactive. for classification of library and information science : 17.117
role in classification systems : 12.212; in display of classification : 17.68
RT for related terms : 13.64
UF for un-used terms : 13.52
novels
indexes to : 1.120
novices
versus experts : 1.10; interfaces for. views of Raskin (Jef) : 19.59
NT
as notation for narrower terms : 13.56
numbering
of paragraphs : 6.15; methods : 15.8
numbers
in alphanumeric arrangement : 17.18
role in index terms : 1.125
treatment in automatic indexing : 8.139
object-oriented databases
as models for databases : 1.17
objects
versus agents in subject scope analysis : 2.30
O'Connor (Brian)
views on human indexing : 8.47
odds-payoff indexing chart : 8.119
online access
for IR databases : sec. 5.3.1
online public access catalogs. see: OPACs
ontologies : sec. 13.3.5
categories. views of Poli (Roberto) : 13.228; of Sowa (John) : 13.227
compilation : 13.235
conceptual levels : 13.233
definition : 13.221
for business : 13.234
for machine translation : 13.233
versus knowledge organization systems.
views of Hjerppe (Roland) : 13.226
versus thesauri : 13.225; categories : 13.230; term relationships : 13.230
views of Vickery (Brian C.) : 13.232, 13.236
weak structures : 13.231
OPACs
cross references : 13.49; omission : 13.73
display of subject headings : 1.90
equivalent-term cross references. form : 13.55
opening screens
for indexing and abstracting services. subject scope : 2.95
for IR databases. design features : 19.70; examples : 19.71
MLA international bibliography. subject scope : 2.74
of world-wide websites as indexable matter : sec. 7.1.7
presentation of subject scope : 2.72
Queer resources directory. subject scope : 2.73
topics versus features : 2.75
operations
and processes.
categories in end-user thesauri : 13.163
in subject scope analysis : 2.29
versus processes in subject scope analysis : 2.35
optical coincidence IR systems. see: peek-a-boo IR systems
pages
versus paragraphs as documentary units : 6.12, 12.315
painters
indexes to : 1.116
paper formats
for IR databases : 5.6
paper media
advantages. for reading : 5.12
for IR databases : 1.174, sec. 5.1; as favored medium : 5.5; for special types : 5.17
postcoordinate indexing systems : 5.18
versus electronic media. cost : 5.15; for IR databases : 5.14
paradigms
of information science : 8.59
paragraph numbers
as locators : 15.45
paragraphs
as documentary units : 6.17; advantages : 6.13; NISO recommendations : 6.15; for electronic texts : 6.14
lead (initial). as basis for indexing : 1.133; as indexable matter : sec. 7.1.4, 7.29
numbering : 6.15; methods : 15.8
versus pages as documentary units : 6.12, 12.315
parentheses
treatment in automatic indexing : 8.137
parts of entities
in subject scope analysis : 2.24
parts of documents
versus complete documents : 6.5
passage retrieval
analysis of full texts : 21.59
peek-a-boo IR systems : sec. 5.1.3, 5.19
boolean searches : 5.20
Pérez-Carballo (José)
as co-author : 0.10
Pérez-López (Kathleen Golitko)
views on automatic indexing of image texts : 8.111
periods (full stops, dots). see: full stops (dots, periods)
periodicals
IR databases for : 1.161
periodicity
as non-topical feature, as searchable feature : sec. 3.5
in documentary scope for indexing and abstracting services : 3.55
of IR databases : sec. 1.5.13
permuted indexes
nonsensical index headings : 12.250
permuted syntax : sec. 12.2.6
definition : 12.245
example : 12.248
multi-word phrases : 12.247
versus natural language syntax : 12.246
Persistent Uniform Resource Locator (PURL) : 15.35
personal IR databases
software : 22.8
Peters (Ronnie)
views on search interfaces : 19.63
photographic media
IR databases for : 1.165
phrases
from full text for end-user thesauri : 13.146; identification : 13.143
identification in automatic indexing : 8.181, 8.185 (cost versus benefits : 8.180); in searching : 8.181
in automatic indexing : sec. 8.3.8;importance : 8.178
in KWAC indexes : 12.242
in KWOC indexes : 12.240
role in browsing : 8.186
physical formats
versus presentation formats : 3.31
pictures
IR databases for : 1.167
place of publication
as non-topical feature, as searchable features : sec. 3.9
in documentary scope for indexing and abstracting services : 3.58
placement
of cross references. examples : 12.264
places
examples in subject scope analysis : 2.48
facets for. arrangement : 17.92
in subject scope analysis : 2.37
indexes to : 1.117
versus topics. subdivisions in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.37
plural "s" suffixes
stemming : 8.157
PMEST
acronyms for facets : 2.77, 2.78
poems, poetry
indexes to : 1.120
IR databases for : 1.163
points of view
as non-topical feature, as searchable features : sec. 3.7
in documentary scope : 3.47; for indexing and abstracting services : 3.65
Poli (Roberto)
views on categories in ontologies : 13.228
political aspects
of information retrieval : 8.107
Pollitt (A. Steven, et al.)
work on display of thesauri for searching : 13.31
postcoordinate combination
and precoordinate combination of index terms : 1.159
of index terms : 1.158
postcoordinate indexing systems
on paper media : 5.18
postcoordinate search statements : 12.9
versus precoordinate index headings : 1.66
postcoordinate syntax : sec. 12.1, sec. 12.3
links : 12.275
used with precoordinate syntax : 12.274
versus precoordinate syntax : 12.269
postcoordination
versus precoordination. views of Svenonius (Elaine) : 12.11
postings data
dynamic. in faceted relational classified displayed indexes : 13.33, 17.99
for categories versus descriptors : 17.98
for indexing and abstracting services in electronic media : 15.55
in cross references : 13.50
in display of classification : 17.69
in displayed indexes for electronic books : 17.127
in indexes for electronic books : 15.50
indicators for hypertext locators : 15.12
locators as indicators : 15.11
number and specificity : 10.8
PRECIS
as example of faceted syntax : 12.133
precision
and recall : sec. 9.1; impact of exhaustivity : 9.9; of exhaustivity : sec. 9.1.3; of specificity : sec. 10.5; inverse relationship : 9.15
definition : sec. 9.1.2
high-precision. role of automatic indexing : 9.20; of high-threshold indexing : 9.18; of human indexing : 9.20
impact of specificity : 10.35; of syntax : 12.3 (examples : 12.4)
precoordinate combination
and postcoordinate combination of index terms : 1.159
of index terms : 1.157
precoordinate index headings : 12.8
versus postcoordinate search statements : 1.66
precoordinate index terms
role in search statements : 1.67
precoordinate indexing languages
criteria : 12.15
precoordinate syntax : sec. 12.1, sec. 12.2
definition : 1.65
purpose. views of Craven (Timothy) : 12.14
used with postcoordinate syntax : 12.274
versus postcoordinate syntax : 12.269
precoordination
versus postcoordination. views of Svenonius (Elaine) : 12.11
predictability
of index headings : 12.156
preferred terms
in thesauri. choice : 13.204
versus gathering terms in thesauri : 13.203
preliminary matter
as indexable matter : sec. 7.1.3
prepositions
in ad hoc syntax : 12.255
presentation
of indexes : sec. 1.5.4
of IR databases : 1.141
presentation formats
versus media formats : 3.31; physical formats : 3.31
primary sources
versus secondary sources for IR databases : sec. 4.1
principles
for application of subject heading systems : 12.113
for coextensive index headings in string syntax : 12.120
for coextensive subject headings in subject heading systems : 12.115
for consistency in subject heading systems : 12.109
for construction of subject heading systems : 12.103
for design of record formats : 20.3
for homonymy in subject heading systems : 12.106
for literary warrant in subject heading systems : 12.111
for naming in subject heading systems : 12.110
for selection of documents for IR databases : 4.5
for semantics in subject heading systems : 12.107
for specific index headings in string syntax : 12.120
for specific subject headings in subject heading systems : 12.115
for subject heading systems : sec. 12.2.1.2
for subject indexing policy in subject heading systems : 12.114
for synonymy in subject heading systems : 12.105
for syntax in subject heading systems : 12.108
for uniform headings in subject heading systems : 12.104
for user needs in subject heading systems : 12.112
print displays
visual resolution : 17.41
print interfaces. see: search interfaces
print media
alphanumeric indexes. preference for : 19.15
book indexes. interface designs : 19.83; vocabulary management : 13.238
display of faceted classification : sec. 17.3.2.1; of surrogates for author searches : 16.37; for subject searches : 16.36
displayed indexes. type size : 18.17; for indexing and abstracting services : 17.128
indexing and abstracting services. comprehensive searches : 12.329; displayed indexes : 17.128 (based on automatic indexing : 12.329); interface designs : 19.92; internal locators : 15.53; KWIC indexes. examples : 12.330; search interfaces : 19.6; use of enumerative classification : 19.14; vocabulary management : 13.258
relational classified displays. citation order of facets : 17.74
search interfaces : sec. 19.1, 19.2
surrogates. display : 16.35; staged display : 16.2
print media IR databases
search options : 19.13
printed books
indexes. alphanumeric. display : 17.122; size : 18.1
relational classified displays : 17.123
surrogates. display : 16.24; unified surrogates : 16.27
printed indexes
vocabulary management : 19.17
probabilistic model
for automatic indexing : 8.128
for best match syntax : 12.297
probabilistic rules
for human indexing : sec. 8.2.2.2
processes
and attributes versus abstract entities in subject scope analysis : 2.20
and operations. categories in end-user thesauri : 13.163
in subject scope analysis : 2.34
versus operations in subject scope analysis : 2.35
proper nouns
in indexing : 8.179
role in index terms : 1.124
properties
in subject scope analysis : 2.27
proximity requirements
use in searches in indexing and abstracting services in electronic media : 12.326
pseudo relevance feedback : 8.235
Psychological abstracts
example of ad hoc syntax with systematic syntax : 12.262
publications
related to this book : 0.6
Publisher Item Identifier (PII) : 15.17
examples : 15.18
publishers
indexes to : 1.115
punctuation
in alphanumeric arrangement : 17.16
in automatic indexing : 8.133
purpose
of information retrieval for diverse users : 8.104
of subject scope analysis : 2.85
of this book : 0.1, 0.11, sec. 1.1, pt2.1
qualifiers
for core elements of Dublin Core : sec. 20.5.1
qualitative criteria
in documentary scope : sec. 3.12; for indexing and abstracting services : 3.61
objective. in documentary scope : 3.46
qualitative judgments
in request-oriented human indexing : 8.102
qualitative studies
of IR databases : 22.18
Queer resources directory
opening screen. subject scope : 2.73
queer theory : 8.82
compared to indexing theory : 8.81
quotations
indexes to : 1.117
Ranganathan (Shiyali Ramamrita)
facet analysis : sec. 2.3, 2.13
facets for diesel engines : 2.79
rules for indexing about diesel engines : 8.99
views on arrangement of facets : 2.78
ranking
absence in exact match syntax : 12.287
in best match syntax : 12.300
of related terms by frequency of co-occurrence : 8.202
of texts. use of word frequency : 8.150
Raskin (Jef)
views on icons : 19.58; on interfaces for experts versus novices : 19.59
reading
media. advantages of paper : 5.12
versus searching on electronic media : 5.13
recall
and precision : sec. 9.1; impact of exhaustivity : sec. 9.1.3, 9.9; of specificity : sec. 10.5; inverse relationship : 9.15
definition : sec. 9.1.1
high-recall. role of automatic indexing : 9.19
impact of specificity : 10.36
impossibility of calculation : 9.11
versus relative recall : 9.12
record formats : chap. 20
design. principles : 20.3
examples : sec. 20.7
fields for book indexes : 20.44; for document descriptions : 20.18; for facets of literature : 20.19
for a class IR database : sec. 20.4
for America: history and life : sec. 20.3
for book indexes : sec. 20.7.1
for book indexes in electronic media : 20.48
for digital libraries : sec. 20.7.3
for electronic encyclopedias : sec. 20.7.3
for Historical abstracts : sec. 20.3
for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 20.7.2; versus MARC formats : 20.15
for internal metadata using Dublin Core : sec. 20.5
for literature : 20.17
for MLA international bibliography : sec. 20.2
for rotated term syntax : 20.21
purpose : 20.2
reference citations
as basis for indexing : 1.136
as indexable matter : sec. 7.1.6
reference IR databases : 1.180
definition : 1.32
documentary units versus surrogates : 6.26
smaller documentary units : 6.29
reference librarians
facet analysis : 2.42
related-term cross references : 13.46, 13.64
in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.44
related terms
identification by term co-occurrence : 8.201
ranking by frequency of co-occurrence : 8.202
RT as notation for : 13.64
versus narrower terms in syndetic structure : 13.57; in thesauri : 13.57
relational classified displays : sec. 17.3, sec. 17.4
advantages : 17.7
for printed books : 17.123
in end-user thesauri : 13.214
in hypertext. research : 17.56
in print media. citation order of facets : 17.74
in Unesco thesaurus (1977): 13.95
of displayed indexes : 1.145
on world-wide web : 17.60
role in information retrieval : 17.57
versus alphanumeric displays : 17.8, 17.48
relational databases
as model for databases : 1.16
relational indexing
views of Farradane (Jason) : 12.185
relational syntax : sec. 12.2.3
display : 12.189
notation : 12.187; compared to Universal decimal classification: 12.217
relational indicators : 12.186
use : 12.188
relevance
judges of : 1.78
relevance feedback
in automatic indexing : sec. 8.3.13
in filtering : 8.233
in selective dissemination of information : 8.233
procedures : 8.231
pseudo : 8.235
purpose : 8.229
relevance judgments
role of non-topical features : 3.9
role of user attributes : 3.10
request-oriented human indexing
qualitative judgments : 8.102
research
experimental. on end-user thesauri : 13.23
field. on use of thesauri : 13.24
lack of. on alphanumeric arrangement : 1.87, 1.88
on automatic indexing versus human indexing : sec. 8.1
on browsing in IR : sec. 11.2
on classification : 17.55
on clustering of terms for vocabulary management : 13.219
on information seeking : 13.13
on relational classified displays in hypertext : 17.56
on solutions for vocabulary problems : 13.21
on surrogate display : 16.5
on syndetic structure. proposal : 13.75
on term relationships in thesauri : 13.187
on vocabulary problems : sec. 13.2
versus standards. views of Saracevic (Tefko) : 1.89
research fronts
identification by co-citation : 8.227
retrieved documentary units
arrangement. methods : 12.288
retroactive notation
for classification of library and information science : 17.117
Rice, (Ronald E.)
and Chang (Shan-Ju). views on browsing : 11.30
role definers
in faceted syntax : 12.135, 12.144
role facets
versus type facets in citation order of facets : 17.111
role indicators
in faceted syntax : 12.134
roles
use in subject scope analysis : 2.67
versus hierarchical relationships : 10.31
roman numerals
in alphanumeric arrangement : 17.12
rotated term syntax : sec. 12.2.2.1
clarity : 12.129
collocation : 12.149
compared to faceted syntax : 12.132, 12.145
dates (time). treatment : 12.124
definitions : 12.122
examples : 12.123
in America history & life : 12.126
locators : 12.125
record formats : 20.21
RT
as notation for related terms : 13.64
rules
for analysis in human indexing : 8.91
for human indexing : sec. 8.2.2; domain analysis as basis : 8.105; limitations : 8.101; relation to subject scope and documentary scope : 8.96; of Cooper (William S.). views of Frohmann (Bernd) : 8.114; role of decision theory : 8.116; of gedanken experimentation : 8.116; of utility theory : 8.116; views of Frohmann (Bernd) : 8.103 of image texts : sec. 8.2.2.1; specialized : 8.97
for indexing about diesel engines by Ranganathan : 8.99; for MLA international bibliography: 8.98
run-in layout
versus indented layout for book indexes : 18.18
Rutgers University
guidelines for analysis in cataloging and classification : 8.93
Saracevic (Tefko)
views on research versus standards : 1.89
scatter-gather clustering : 8.218
science fiction
indexes to : 1.120
scientific research
versus standards : 1.79
scope
of this book : 0.2, 1.203; exclusion of databases for concrete entities and events : 1.198
versus specificity of index terms : 10.3
scope notes
in displayed indexes : 12.261
screens
opening. see: opening screens
scrolling
in hypertext displays : 17.32
views of Nielsen (Jakob) : 19.66
sculptors
indexes to : 1.116
search decision trees
for Library of Congress subject headings: 12.81
search engines
world-wide web. role of indexable matter : 7.14
search interfaces : chap. 19
and visualization. views of Hearst (Marti A.) : 19.50
customization : 19.61; views of Head (Alison J.) : 19.62
decoration : 19.65
electronic interfaces. versus print interfaces. comparison : 19.39
examples : 19.53
for electronic IR databases : sec. 19.2; problems and opportunities : 19.35
for experts versus novices. views of Raskin (Jef) : 19.59
for indexing and abstracting services in print media : 19.6
for IR databases in electronic media : sec. 19.4
for print media : sec. 19.1, 19.2
guidelines : 19.69
impact : 19.3
importance : 19.1
integration of thesauri : 13.26
role in non-displayed indexes : 1.104
separation from content of IR databases : 19.37
views of Peters (Ronnie) : 19.63; of Shneiderman (Ben) : 19.67
search options
for digital libraries : 12.340
for electronic encyclopedias : 12.340
in end-user thesauri : 13.212
in print media IR databases : 19.13
search statements
as source of terms for end-user thesauri : 13.131
multiple terms. suggestions for vocabulary management : 13.263
postcoordinate : 12.9
purpose : 12.7
role of precoordinate index terms : 1.67
syntax : chap. 12; definition : 1.63
versus index headings : 11.1; syntax : 12.1, 12.6
search terms
mapping to controlled vocabulary : 13.28
searchable features
audience : sec. 3.6
biases : 3.40
continuing and integrating resources as - : sec. 3.5
formats : sec. 3.4
genres : sec. 3.4
in documentary scope for indexing and abstracting services : 3.62
language : sec. 3.8
levels of treatment : sec. 3.6
media : sec. 3.3
methodological approaches : sec. 3.7
monographs versus serials : sec. 3.5
non-topical features : 3.11
periodicity : sec. 3.5
place of publication : sec. 3.9
point of view : sec. 3.7
time of publication : sec. 3.10
titles : sec. 3.2
types of authors and creators : 3.13
types of corporate bodies : 3.15
searchers
and indexers. variability of vocabulary : 13.17
searches
boolean. peek-a-boo (optical coincidence) IR systems : 5.20
broad-scoped. versus narrow-scoped searches : 10.34
comprehensive. in indexing and abstracting services in electronic media : 12.322; in print media : 12.329
exact-match. Library of Congress subject headings: 12.66
for known items with known vocabulary : 13.4; with unknown vocabulary : 13.5
for unknown items with known vocabulary : 13.8; with unknown vocabulary : 13.9; and vague concepts : 13.10
in non-displayed indexes. presentation of suggestions for vocabulary management : 13.253
narrow-scoped. versus broad-scoped searches : 10.34
narrowing with exact match syntax : 12.289
non-topical features combined with topics : 3.7
of exploration : 13.11
of full texts in HTML : 21.40
selective. in indexing and abstracting services : 12.331
targeted. in indexing and abstracting services in electronic media : 12.327
use of clustering in indexing and abstracting services in electronic media : 12.328
use of proximity requirements in indexing and abstracting services in electronic media : 12.326
use of truncation of indexing and abstracting services in electronic media : 12.325
searching
by means of classification systems : 12.194; clusters : 8.211
display of thesauri : 13.30; work of Pollitt (A. Steven, et al.) : 13.31
feedback : 8.228
full-text. documentary units : 6.42; of books in electronic media (syntax : 12.320)
identification of phrases : 8.181
inconsistency : 8.66
non-displayed. in electronic media : 5.25
of indexes. methods : sec. 1.5.4
versus browsing using Medical subject headings : 12.101
versus reading on electronic media : 5.13
with end-user thesauri : 13.215
Sear's list of subject headings : 12.97
secondary sources
for IR databases : 4.7; versus primary sources : sec. 4.1
see-also references : 13.45
for equivalent terms in automatic indexing : 13.259
from unused headings : 19.33
general : 13.67
in book indexes : 13.245
omission : 13.47
presentation in displayed indexes in electronic media : 13.251
problems : 19.18
see references. see: equivalent-term cross references
selection
of documents for IR databases. principles : 4.5
of index terms. methods : sec. 1.5.7
of useful documents by advisory groups and indexing staff : 8.250
selective dissemination of information
relevance feedback : 8.233
selective searches
in indexing and abstracting services : 12.331
semantics principle.
for subject heading systems : 12.107
serial databases : 1.188
Serial Item & Contribution Identifier (SICI) : 15.19
examples : 15.20
serials
versus monographs as non-topical feature : sec. 3.5; as searchable feature : sec. 3.5
versus revised monographs : 3.34
series
monographic - : 3.35
SGML
definition : 21.21
ISO standard : 21.22
relationship with HTML and XML : 21.43
software : 21.55
views of Hockey (Susan) : 21.31
shelf arrangement
citation order of facets : 17.74
Shneiderman (Ben)
views on search interfaces : 19.67
short stories
indexes to : 1.120
signals
definitions : 1.42
single characters
treatment in automatic indexing : 8.142
single documents
IR databases for. documentary scope descriptions : 3.5
size
of book indexes : sec. 18.1.1; estimation : 18.8 (accuracy : 18.10; problems : 18.11; as guideline for indexing : 18.12); reduction : 18.15
of computer screens : 19.64
of displayed indexes : chap. 18, sec. 18.1
of documentary units : 6.3; impact on indexable matter : 7.6; relationship to exhaustivity : 9.5; among variables in IR research : 8.10; in full texts in digital media : 21.58
of indexes. determination : 18.2; estimation : 18.3; impact of syntax : 12.184; relationship to document size : 18.14; for digital libraries : sec. 18.1.3; for electronic encyclopedias : sec. 18.1.3; for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 18.1.2; for printed books : 18.1
of surrogates : 14.5
of thesauri. impact of bound terms : 13.174;
of vocabulary for indexing. impact of specificity : sec. 10.6
slashes
treatment in automatic indexing : 8.135
slides (photographic)
IR databases for : 1.165
social construction
of gender : 8.86
of indexing rules. application of views of Wittgenstein (Ludwig) : 8.80
versus cognition in human indexing : sec. 8.2.1
social constructionism
versus essentialism in gender studies : 8.83
social context
of human indexing. views of Frohmann (Bernd) : 8.88
societies
versus institutions in descriptive cataloging : 2.19
Sociological abstracts
table of contents : 19.11
sociology
indexing and abstracting services : 19.11
Soergel (Dagobert)
views on construction of thesauri : 13.83; on human indexing : 8.44; on Ontologies : 13.223
software
for digital libraries : 22.7
for indexing and abstracting services : 22.5
for IR databases : 1.205, 22.4; in libraries : 22.6
for personal IR databases : 22.8
sorting. see: arrangement
sound media
for IR databases : 1.177
sound recordings
IR databases for : 1.169
sound texts
and image texts. terminology : 8.113
versus language texts. automatic indexing : 8.126
Sowa (John)
views on categories in ontologies : 13.227
spaces
in alphanumeric arrangement : 17.15
Sparck Jones (Karen)
views on specificity : 10.22
special interest groups
as sources of facets for library and information science : 17.77
of American Library Association : 17.79
of American Society for Information Science and Technology : 17.77
specialized categories
role in human indexing : 8.100
specialized domains
faceted syntax : 12.139
specialized rules
for human indexing : 8.97
specific documents
in documentary scope for indexing and abstracting services : 3.60
specific index heading principle
in string syntax : 12.120
specific subject heading principle
for subject heading systems : 12.115
specificity
among variables in IR research : 8.12a
and number of postings : 10.8
as closeness of relationship between index term and topic : 10.1
definitions : sec. 10.1, 10.6, 10.16
examples : sec. 10.3, sec. 10.8
hierarchical : 10.24
impact. on recall : 10.36; of free uncontrolled vocabulary : 10.41; of vocabulary control : 10.39; on precision : 10.35; on precision and recall : sec. 10.5; on size of vocabulary for indexing : sec. 10.6;
in Library of Congress subject headings: 10.18
interactions with exhaustivity and vocabulary management : 10.44
of index terms in book indexes : sec. 10.8.1 (assigned by automatic indexing: 10.51; assigned by human indexing : 10.50); in digital libraries : sec. 10.8.3; in encyclopedias : sec. 10.8.3; in indexing and abstracting services : sec. 10.8.2
of vocabulary for indexing : chap. 10
operational : 10.8, 10.9; versus semantic specificity : 10.11
practical : sec. 10.4
semantic. versus operational specificity : 10.11
statement/heading : sec. 10.7
versus broader-narrower cross references : 10.19; exhaustivity of indexing : sec. 10.2; scope of index terms : 10.3; syntax : sec. 10.7; up-posting and generic posting : 10.19; vocabulary of users : 10.33
views of Balnaves (John) : 10.16; of Cutter (Charles Ammi) : 10.4; of Library of Congress : 10.5; of Sparck Jones (Karen) : 10.22; of Svenonius (Elaine) : 10.7; of Weinberg (Bella Hass) : 10.24; of Wilson (Patrick) : 10.18
stability
versus chaos and creativity in IR database design : 1.107
standards
absence of. resulting responsibility of information professionals : 1.109
for alphanumeric arrangement : 1.82, 17.14; lack of consensus : 1.91; A.L.A. filing rules : 1.85; Library of Congress filing rules: 1.83; NISO : 1.86
for analysis in human indexing : 8.92
for cataloging : 1.80
for classification : 1.80
for display of indexes : 19.16
for identification of authors : 14.11
for indexes. endorsement by American Society for Information Science : 1.99; impossibility : 1.106; lack of consensus : 1.105; objections of American Society of Indexers : 1.97; opposition : 1.96 (from American Society for Information Science : 1.100); role of NISO Committee YY : 0.4, 1.95
for indexing : 1.81
for information retrieval : 1.94
for interoperability of metadata schemas : 20.40; of vocabulary data : 20.41
for IR database design : sec. 1.4
for surrogates : sec. 14.2, 14.10
for thesauri. views on bound terms : 13.170
impossibility. in periods of instability : 1.108
versus research. views of Saracevic (Tefko) : 1.89; scientific research : 1.79
star clusters : 8.214
static clustering : 8.218, 8.219
stemming
automatic. user options : 12.324
for automatic indexing : sec. 8.3.6
identification of word roots : 8.156
impact : 8.159; on frequency of words : 8.155
of multiple suffixes : 8.158
of plural "s" suffixes : 8.157
stop list terms
in end-user thesauri : 13.152
stop lists
as negative vocabulary control : sec. 8.3.3
choice of words : 8.147
for reducing size of indexes : 8.146
number of words : 8.148
user-defined. : 12.323
string clusters : 8.213
string indexing
display in hypertext : 17.40
string indexing syntax : sec. 12.2.2
coextensive index headings : 12.127, 12.128;>principles : 12.120
compared to subject heading syntax : 12.127
definition : 12.118
eliminability principle : 12.128
objectives : 12.183
specific index headings. principles : 12.120
structured data : 1.25
style
for bibliographic citations : 0.17
styles
versus genres in music : 3.25
subdivision
by place versus topic. in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.37
practices. in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.25
subdivisions, subheadings
arrangement : 1.84; in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.53
categorization. in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.58
in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.60; conference on future : 12.52
subheadings. see: subdivisions, subheadings
subject analysis and indexing.
expert systems. examples. MedIndEx : 8.238; use of checktags : 8.239
in indexing and abstracting services : sec. 8.4
subject cataloging
definition : 1.54
subject domain : chap. 2
of IR databases : 2.10
versus subject scope : 2.3
subject domain analysis
functions : 2.5
necessary detail : 2.2
value : 2.6
subject domain description
goals : 2.9
subject heading syntax : sec. 12.2.1
compared to string syntax : 12.127
subject heading systems
principles : sec. 12.2.1.2; principles for: application : 12.113; coextensive subject headings : 12.115; consistency : 12.109; construction : 12.103; homonymy : 12.106; literary warrant : 12.111; naming : 12.110; semantics : 12.107; specific subject headings : 12.115; subject indexing policy : 12.114; synonymy : 12.105; syntax : 12.108; uniform headings : 12.104; user needs : 12.112
subject headings
alphanumeric arrangement : 17.22
development in 19th century : 12.16
display in hypertext : 17.35, 17.39; in OPACs : 1.90
future : 12.116
in the United States : 12.17
types in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.19
versus terms in syndetic structure : 13.42
subject indexing
definition : 1.54
subject indexing policy principle.
for subject heading systems : 12.114
subject scope : chap. 2
and documentary scope. relation to rules for human indexing : 8.96
presentation : sec. 2.2; on opening screens : 2.72; for indexing and abstracting services : 2.94, 2.95; for MLA international bibliography: 2.74; for Queer resources directory : 2.73
specialized categories for folklore : 2.55; for language : 2.55; for linguistics : 2.55; for literature : 2.53, 2.54
versus documentary scope : 2.57, 2.62, 3.1; role of author processes : 2.58; methodological approaches : 2.63
versus indexable matter : sec. 7.2; subject domain : 2.3
subject scope analysis
abstract entities versus attributes and processes : 2.20
actions : 2.28
agents versus objects : 2.30
and subject domain analysis. functions : 2.5; necessary detail : 2.2; value : 2.6
attributes : 2.25
avoiding meaningless categories : 2.51
complex phenomena. insurance as example : 2.39
concrete entities versus abstract entities : 2.17
constituent materials : 2.26
entities : 2.16
events : 2.36
examples : sec. 2.5; of actions : 2.46; of attributes : 2.45; of entities : 2.44; of events : 2.47; of places : 2.48; of time : 2.49
expression of categories : 2.50
facets : 2.83
for artistic works versus critical works : 2.69; book indexes : sec. 2.5.1, 2.88; digital libraries : sec. 2.5.3; for full-text encyclopedias : sec. 2.5.3; for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 2.5.2; for this book : 2.91
functions : 2.1
generic categories. role : 2.12
non-topical features : 2.56
number of categories : 2.8
operations : 2.29
parts of entities : 2.24
places : 2.37
processes : 2.34
processes versus operations : 2.35
properties : 2.27
purpose : 2.85
specialized categories : sec. 2.1
time : 2.38
topical groupings versus facets : 2.80, 2.84;>deficiency of topical groupings : 2.81
use of roles : 2.67
subject scope description
goals : 2.8
subjects
indexes to : 1.117
nature. views of Hj¿rland (Birger) : 8.61
suffixes
multiple. stemming : 8.158
plural "s." stemming : 8.157
surrogate displays
design features : 19.80
examples : 19.81
surrogates, surrogation : chap. 14
among variables in IR research : 8.17
based on automatic indexing. display : 16.22
content : 14.3, 14.5; in indexing and abstracting services : 14.22
definition : 14.1
display : chap. 16; examples : sec. 16.1; options : 16.8; format options : 16.11; order of fields : 16.15, 16.20; research : 16.5
display versus content : 14.4
examples : sec. 14.5
for author searches. display in electronic media : 16.4; in print media : 16.37
for machine searching : sec. 14.4
for subject searches. display in electronic media : 16.4; in print media : 16.36
format : 14.5
formatted display : 16.18, 16.21
full. display : 16.6
guidelines : sec. 14.2
in book indexes : sec. 14.5.1; display : sec. 16.1.1
in digital libraries : sec. 14.5.3; display : sec. 16.1.3
in electronic books. display : 16.28
in electronic encyclopedias : sec. 14.5.3; display : sec. 16.1.3
in electronic media. display : 16.39
in indexing and abstracting services : sec. 14.5.2; display : sec. 16.1.2; role of keywords : 14.23
in libraries. display : 16.16
in print media. display : 16.35
in printed books. display : 16.24
in tables of contents. display : 16.25, 16.38
intermediate. for electronic books : 16.30; topic sentences : 16.31
purpose : sec. 14.1; views of Green et al : 14.8
role in data mining, knowledge discovery : 14.16
role of Dublin core metadata : 14.17
size : 14.5
staged display in electronic media : 16.3; in print media : 16.2
standards : sec. 14.2, 14.10
unified : 16.7; for printed books : 16.27
versus documentary units : sec. 6.3; in reference IR databases : 6.26
Svenonius (Elaine)
views on precoordination versus postcoordination : 12.11; on specificity : 10.7
symbols
and codes. nature. for texts : 5.30; varieties. for texts : 5.31; for IR databases : sec. 5.4, 5.32
role in index terms : 1.126
syndetic structure
as vocabulary management : 12.50
in alphabetical displayed indexes : sec. 13.3.1
in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.38
in thesauri : 13.51
narrower terms versus related terms : 13.57
research. proposal : 13.75
subject headings versus terms : 13.42
types : 13.43
synonymous terms
and equivalent terms. vocabulary management : 8.192
double posting in book indexes : 13.241
equivalent-term cross references in book indexes : 13.240
synonymy principle.
for subject heading systems : 12.105
syntactic cross references : sec. 12.2.8
definition : 12.268
examples : 12.266
necessity : 12.265
syntactic operators
in exact match syntax : 12.284; meaning : 12.292
syntagmatic relationships : 12.191
definition : 12.190
in indexing. views of Green (Rebecca) : sec. 12.2.3.1.
syntax
absence in vocabulary lists : 12.278
among variables in IR research : 8.14
as essential attribute of indexes : 12.5
definition : 12.1
examples : sec. 12.4
for book indexes : sec. 12.4.1
for digital libraries : sec. 12.4.3
for displayed indexes versus non-displayed indexes : 11.9
for electronic encyclopedias : sec. 12.4.3
for full-text searching of books in electronic media : 12.320
for index headings : chap. 12; definition : 1.63
for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 12.4.2
for non-displayed indexes. alternative options : 12.296; major types : 12.280
for search statements : chap. 12; definition : 1.63
for string indexing : sec. 12.2.2
impact on precision : 12.3; examples : 12.4
impact on size of indexes : 12.184
in classification : 17.52
in Dewey decimal classification : 12.197
in faceted classifications : 12.202
in HTML : 21.38
in index headings compared to search statements : 12.1, 12.6
in Library of Congress classification: 12.201
in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.20; history : 12.21
in Modern Language Association classification : 12.203
in Universal decimal classification: 12.215
postcoordinate : sec. 12.1
precoordinate : sec. 12.1, sec. 12.2
role in indexing : 12.2
versus specificity : sec. 10.7
syntax principle
for subject heading systems : 12.108
systematic syntax
and ad hoc syntax. combinations : sec. 12.2.7.1; example in Psychological abstracts: 12.262
and citations. combinations : 12.263
tables of contents
as basis for indexing : 1.134
as indexable matter : sec. 7.1.5
for Abstracts in anthropology : 19.9
for Historical abstracts: 19.10
for indexing and abstracting services : 19.7
for Information science abstracts: 19.12
for Sociological abstracts: 19.11
surrogates. display : 16.25, 16.38
tags
in record formats : 20.3
taxonomy
definition : 19.47
Taylor (Arlene)
views on human indexing : 8.56
technical report
on design of indexes : 0.5
TEI (text encoding initiative)
beginnings : 21.46
definition : 21.29
encoding of full texts : 21.51
guidelines : 21.47
headers : 21.49
impact : 21.56
in digital libraries : 21.53
versus HTML : 21.54
views of Hockey (Susan) : 21.45
term records
conceptually similar. merger : 13.167
field tags : 13.158
for end-user thesauri : 13.157
for thesauri. card format : 13.84
in Eurovoc thesaurus: 13.105
in Unesco thesaurus (1977): 13.88; (1995) : 13.103
term relationships
compilation by Michel (Dee) and Kuhr (Pat) : 13.186
in thesauri : sec. 13.3.3.1.5, 13.176; attitudes of users : 13.188, 13.194; display : 13.191; hierarchical display : 13.190; more detailed relationships : 13.181; during compilation : 13.192; examples : 13.177; research : 13.187; versus ontologies : 13.230
views of Association of Library Collections and Technical Services. Subject Analysis Committee : 13.185; of Diener (Richard) : 13.183; of Farradane (Jason) : 13.182; of Wang, Vandendorpe, and Evens : 13.184
term weighting
automatic methods : 12.312
terminology
for formats : 3.27
for genres : 3.27
for image texts and sound texts : 8.113
for indexing and abstracting services : 6.39
for media : 3.27
for non-displayed indexes : 1.103; opposition from American Society for Information Science : 1.102
for non-topical features : 3.66
in equivalent-term cross references : 13.244
of IR database design : 1.11
terms
addition to thesauri in automatic indexing : 8.197
co-occurrence. identification of related terms : 8.201
definition : 1.58
testing
and evaluation of IR database designs : 22.9; of IR databases : chap. 22; failure analysis : 22.16; measurement : 22.14; outside scope of book : 22.3; readings : 22.13
of faceted syntax for Library of Congress subject headings: 12.168
text encoding initiative. see: TEI (text encoding initiative)
text encoding schemas
definition : 21.20
examples : 21.19
purpose : 21.18
texts
analysis and indexing. methods : chap. 8
and messages as entities : 2.21
codes and symbols. nature : 5.30;>varieties : 5.31
composition. codes : 3.24
computer algorithmic analysis for indexing : 1.149
definition : 1.47
distributions of words : sec. 8.3.7; Zipf's law : 8.160
electronic. paragraphs as documentary units : 6.14
human intellectual analysis for indexing : 1.148
language. formats : 3.26; genres : 3.26
language-based. versus image texts as indexable matter for world-wide websites : 7.15
machine-readable. codes for representation : 3.28
non-language-based. indexable matter : 7.3
ranking. use of word frequency : 8.150
sections as documentary units : 6.16
types : 1.48
varieties : 3.23
versus exemplars : 1.37
word-processing. codes for representation : 3.29
thematic roles : 12.191
theoretical models
for automatic indexing : 8.128
thesauri
addition of terms in automatic indexing : 8.197
and co-occurrence lists. combining : 13.27
application to book indexes : 13.246
associative relationships : 13.180
categories. definitions : 13.164; size : 13.160; not mutually exclusive : 13.166
construction. books on : 13.81; computer programs : 13.85; views of Soergel (Dagobert) : 13.83
cross references : 13.51
display for searching : 13.30; work of Pollitt (A. Steven, et al.) : 13.31
end-user. experimental research : 13.23
equivalence relationships : 13.178
for full-text IR databases : 13.82
gathering terms. versus preferred terms : 13.203
hierarchical displays. term relationships : 13.190
hierarchical relationships : 13.179; versus associative relationships : 13.189, 13.195
homographs : sec. 13.3.3.1.7
integration with search interfaces : 13.26
more detailed term relationships : 13.181
narrower terms versus related terms : 13.57
notation. translation into natural human language : 13.59
preferred terms. selection : 13.204
size. impact of bound terms on - : 13.174
source of term "thesaurus" : 13.80
standards. views on bound terms : 13.170
syndetic structure : 13.51
term records. card format : 13.84
term relationships : sec. 13.3.3.1.5, 13.176; attitudes of users : 13.188, 13.194; display : 13.191; during compilation : 13.192; examples : 13.177; research : 13.187
terms. initial categorization of - : 13.159
use. field research : 13.24
versus ontologies : 13.225; categories : 13.230; term relationships : 13.230
thresholds
in automatic clustering : 8.217
time. see: dates (time)
time of publication
as non-topical feature, as searchable feature : sec. 3.10
in documentary scope for indexing and abstracting services : 3.59
title indexes : 1.131
titles
adequacy as indexable matter : 12.231
as basis for indexing : 1.131, 12.226
as indexable matter : sec. 7.1.1
as non-topical feature, as searchable feature : sec. 3.2
indexes to : 1.119
topical groupings
deficiency in subject scope analysis : 2.81
versus facets in subject scope analysis : 2.80, 2.84
topical subdivisions
and form subdivisions. confusion in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.90
in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.36
topics
arrangement within facets : 17.81
combined with non-topical features in searches : 3.7
indexes to : 1.114
role of features : 2.60
versus facets. number : 2.86
versus non-topical features : 2.59, sec. 3.13; clear distinction 2.61, 2.66, 3.49; on opening screens : 2.75; role : 2.64
versus places. subdivision in Library of Congress subject headings: 12.37
translators
indexes to : 1.115
transmission
channels for IR databases. world-wide web : sec. 5.3.3
treatment level
as non-topical feature, as searchable feature : sec. 3.6
in documentary scope for indexing and abstracting services : 3.56
TREC
IR research. role of users : 8.21
truncation
use in searches of indexing and abstracting services in electronic media : 12.325
type size
for displayed indexes in print media : 18.17
UF
as instruction for creation of equivalent-term cross references : 13.54
as notation for un-used terms : 13.52
underscores
treatment in automatic indexing : 8.136
Unesco thesaurus (1977) : 13.87
classification notation : 13.89
hierarchical displays : 13.92
KWIC display : 13.91
notation : 13.90
relational displays : 13.95
term records : 13.88
Unesco thesaurus (1995) : 13.98
display of multiple hierarchical levels : 13.102
microthesauri : 13.99
term records : 13.103
Uniform Resource Names (URN) : 15.34
United States
in subject headings : 12.17
units of analysis
documentary units : 6.6
Universal decimal classification
compared to relational syntax. notational symbols : 12.217
facet indicators : 12.215
notation. examples : 12.216
syntax : 12.215
universities
as example of abstract entities : 2.18
unstructured data : 1.26
up-posting
and generic posting. versus specificity : 10.19
upper-case letters
treatment in automatic indexing : 8.144
URLs
instability : 15.15
use
measures of. versus censorship : 8.248
versus expert judgment in evaluation of importance : 8.249
use references. see: equivalent-term cross references
used for terms
versus equivalent terms in end-user thesauri : 13.210
useful documents
identification. through of human indexing : 8.244
selection. by advisory groups and indexing staff : 8.250
user attributes
role in relevance judgments : 3.10
user-defined stop lists : 12.323
user needs
necessity for understanding : 2.7
user needs principle.
for subject heading systems : 12.112
user needs assessment : pt2.5
user options
for automatic stemming : 12.324
user preferences
for automatic indexing versus human indexing : 8.23
versus expert judgment in IR database design : 8.251
user studies
not in scope of this book : 1.9
user-suggested cross-references : 12.342
users
as source of terms for end-user thesauri. views of Landauer (Thomas K.) : 13.132
attitudes toward term relationships in thesauri : 13.188, 13.194
users
characteristics : 1.8
diverse. purposes of information retrieval : 8.104
of book indexes : 2.89; vocabulary : 2.90
role in IR research : 8.8; TREC : 8.21
vocabulary. compared to Library of Congress subject headings: 13.15
utility theory
role in rules for human indexing : 8.116
variability
in human indexing : 8.63
of vocabulary. views of Furnas (George W. et al.) : 13.14
variables
in IR research : 8.9;>conflation : 8.18, 8.20; browsability : 8.13; exhaustivity : 8.12; extent of indexable matter : 8.11; size of documentary units : 8.10; specificity : 8.12a; surrogation : 8.17; syntax : 8.14; vocabulary management : 8.16; views of Cooper (William S.) : 8.19
variant forms
in end-user thesauri : sec. 13.3.3.1.6
variant terms
versus equivalent terms in end-user thesauri : 13.205
vector-space model
for automatic indexing : 8.128
for best match syntax : 12.297
Vickery (Brian C.)
views on ontologies : 13.232, 13.236
video recordings
and motion pictures. documentary units : 6.9
videotapes
IR databases for : 1.166
visual media
types : 3.19
visual resolution
of print displays : 17.41
visualization
and search interfaces. views of Hearst (Marti A.) : 19.50
impact of cognitive abilities : 19.54; views of Allen (Bryce L.) : 19.55
of information : 19.51
vocabulary
controlled. mapping of search terms : 13.28
for indexing. size. impact of specificity : sec. 10.6
free uncontrolled. impact on specificity : 10.41
of users. compared to Library of Congress subject headings: 13.15; versus specificity : 10.33
of users of book indexes : 2.90
specificity for indexing : chap. 10
variability. among searchers and indexers : 13.17; in full-text sources : 13.19; views of Bates (Marcia) : 13.16, 13.22; views of Furnas (George W. et al.) : 13.14
vocabulary control
impact on specificity : 10.39
negative (stop lists) : sec. 8.3.3, 8.149
positive. in automatic indexing : 8.191
vocabulary data
standards for interoperability : 20.41
vocabulary information
display for electronic searches. design features : 19.78; examples : 19.79
vocabulary lists
absence of syntax : 12.278
versus non-displayed indexes : 11.13, 12.276
vocabulary management : chap. 13
among variables in IR research : 8.16
automatic : sec. 8.3.10; examples. Associative Interactive Dictionary : 8.200; impact : 8.208
by means of syndetic structure : 12.50
bypassing. in electronic searching : 8.198
clustering of terms : 13.220; research : 13.219
examples : sec. 13.4
for book indexes : sec. 13.4.1; in print media : 13.238; integration : 13.239
for digital libraries : sec. 13.4.3
for displayed indexes : 8.195
for electronic encyclopedias : sec. 13.4.3
for electronic searching : 8.196
for indexes in electronic books : 13.250
for indexing and abstracting services : sec. 13.4.2; in print media : 13.258
for non-displayed indexes for indexing and abstracting services in electronic media : 13.262
for printed indexes : 19.17
in automatic indexing : sec. 8.3.9, 8.194
in latent semantic indexing : 8.222
interactions with specificity and exhaustivity : 10.44
of equivalent terms and synonymous terms : 8.192
of minor terms : 8.193
suggestions. optional status : 13.264; presentation for searches in non-displayed indexes : 13.253; for multiple terms in search statements : 13.263
vocabulary problems : sec. 13.1
research : sec. 13.2
solutions : sec. 13.3; research : 13.21
Wang, Vandendorpe, and Evens
views on term relationships : 13.184
wants
versus needs in information retrieval : 8.106
webpages
locators : 15.14
websites
for Dublin Core : 20.27
for MARC formats : 20.14
indexable matter. language-based texts versus image texts : 7.15
opening screens as indexable matter : sec. 7.1.7
weighted term syntax. see: best match syntax
Weinberg (Bella Hass)
views on specificity : 10.24
Wellisch (Hans H.)
views on human indexing : 8.48
Wilson (Patrick)
views on documentary domain : 4.3; on human indexing : 8.51; on specificity : 10.18
wisdom
views of Korfhage (Robert R.) : 1.41
Wittgenstein (Ludwig)
application of views to human indexing : 8.78; to social construction of indexing rules : 8.80
word pairs
in KWAC indexes : 12.242
in KWOC indexes : 12.240
in natural language syntax : 12.243
word-processing texts
codes for representation : 3.29
word roots
identification in stemming : 8.156
words
automatic indexing : sec. 8.3.1
choice for stop lists : 8.147
common. role in index terms : 1.124
definition. in automatic indexing : 8.131, 8.143; in Chinese language : 8.132
distribution in texts : sec. 8.3.7; Zipf's law : 8.160; impact of stemming : 8.155; use for ranking of texts : 8.150
frequency. in automatic indexing : sec. 8.3.4; in collections : sec. 8.3.5
inverse document frequency : 8.151
number. in stop lists : 8.148
role in index terms : 1.123
versus icons : 19.56
Zipfian distribution. transition points : 8.164; in article by Booth (A. D.) : 8.163
work marks
in call numbers : 15.38
works
versus messages : 1.36
world-wide web
and internet. application of expert judgment : 8.257
as channel for transmission of documents : 3.21; of IR databases : sec. 5.3.3
documentary units for hypertext : 6.21
relational classified displays : 12.194, 17.60
world-wide web search engines
role of indexable matter : 7.14
world-wide websites. see: websites
XML
and HTML.
relationship with SGML : 21.43
definitions : 21.28
types : 21.44
versus HTML : 21.34
Z39.50 standard
for information retrieval protocols : 20.42
Zipfian distributions
keywords compared to human indexing : 8.167
of words.
transition points : 8.164
of words in article by Booth (A. D.) : 8.163
transition points.
identification of keywords : 8.161, 8.165
Zipf's law
on distributions of words in texts : 8.160
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