CURRICULUM VITAE

Nicholas J. Belkin

ADDRESS:

School of Communication, Information & Library Studies

Rutgers University

4 Huntington Street

New Brunswick NJ 08901-1071 USA

Telephone: +1 732 932-8585

Fax: +1 732 932-6916

Email: nick@belkin.rutgers.edu

CURRENT RANK AND APPOINTMENT DATE:

Professor II, July 1998

Director, Ph.D. Program in Communication, Information & Library Studies, July 1999

EDUCATION:

EMPLOYMENT:

PH.D. DISSERTATION:

A Concept of Information for Information Science. Supervised by B.C. Brookes, University College, University of London, 1977.

TEACHING EXPERIENCE AND EXPERTISE:

At Masters and PhD level, I have taught courses and supervised seminars in:

Information retrieval theory; Information retrieval systems; Knowledge representation for information retrieval; Information mediation; Human information behavior; Information structures; Methods for studying information interaction; Human-computer interaction; Knowledge-based systems for information services; Classification theory; Information sources in social sciences and humanities; Technical writing; Research methods

At Undergraduate levels, I have taught courses in:

Technical writing; Studying information problems in everyday life

RESEARCH EXPERIENCE AND INTERESTS:

My research focuses on the understanding of people’s interactions with information, and the design of systems and situations to support those interactions and associated intentions. The research teams with which I have worked have therefore carried out projects in: understanding the factors that lead people to engage in information-seeking behavior; identifying, characterizing and classifying people’s interactions with information, in a wide variety of settings and systems; designing and evaluating interactive information retrieval systems to support people’s interactions with information, and, establishing principles for relating information system design to people’s cognitive capabilities, their intentions, and their interactions with information. The various projects in which I have been involved have used and/or developed theories and methods in cognitive science and experimental psychology, discourse analysis, information retrieval, human-computer interaction, ethnomethodology and social interaction. In addition to the funded research projects listed below, I have supervised groups participating in the Text REtrieval Conferences (TREC) since TREC-2 in 1993.

PH.D. DISSERTATIONS SUPERVISED:

Sallis, P.J. (1979) A meta-information structure for representing arguments in science text. Department of Information Science, The City University, London.

Brooks, H.M. (1986) An intelligent interface for document retrieval systems: developing the problem description and retrieval strategy components. Department of Information Science, The City University, London.

Daniels, P.J. (1987) Developing the user modeling function of an intelligent interface for document retrieval systems. Department of Information Science, The City University, London.

Kwasnik, B.H. (1989) The influence of context on classificatory behavior. SCILS, Rutgers University.

Bernstein, D.R. (1990) Understanding spreadsheets: effects of power users' learning style and computer training on performance and mental model acquisition. SCILS, Rutgers University.

Shenouda, W. (1991) Online search strategy modification by end users. SCILS, Rutgers University.

Su, L.T. (1991) An investigation to find appropriate measures for evaluating interactive information retrieval. SCILS, Rutgers University.

Wu, M.-M. (1992) Information interaction dialogue: a study of patron elicitation in the information retrieval interaction. SCILS, Rutgers University.

Sonnenwald, D.H. (1993) Communication in design. SCILS, Rutgers University.

Koenemann, J. (1996) Understanding interactive relevance feedback. Department of Psychology, Rutgers University

Downs, T. (1997) Explanation in the information retrieval interaction setting. M. Phil. SCILS, Rutgers University.

Hong, X. (1998) Planned and situated aspects in interactive information retrieval. SCILS, Rutgers University.

Algon, J. (1999) The effects of task on the information-related behavior of individuals in a work-group environment. SCILS, Rutgers University.

Park, S.Y. (1999) Supporting interaction with distributed and heterogeneous information resources. SCILS, Rutgers University

Savage, P. (in progress) Mental models: Issues in construction, congruency and cognition. Department of Psychology, Rutgers University.

Cooper, L. (in progress) The socialization of information behavior: A study of change in the way of understanding information. SCILS, Rutgers University.

Rieh, S.Y. (in progress) Information quality and cognitive authority in the World Wide Web. SCILS, Rutgers University.

Lin, S. (in progress) Supporting multiple information-seeking episodes. SCILS, Rutgers University.

Sikora, C.A. (in progress). Multi-modal cues for enhancing Web search memory. SCILS, Rutgers University

Pavlovsky, L. (in progress) Cultural context and the construction of an information systems: Defining use. SCILS, Rutgers University.

AWARDS AND HONORS:

1984 ISI Award for Best Paper in the Journal of Information Science (with T. Seeger and G. Wersig)

Honorable mention, 1985 ASIS Information Science Book of the Year Award (with A. Vickery)

Distinguished Research Seminar Speaker, OCLC, February 1988.

ACM Recognition of Service Award, June 1989, July 1992, July 1997.

1990 ASIS Outstanding Information Science Teacher Award

ASIS Certificate of Appreciation, 1991.

Fulbright Fellowship, Finland, August-December, 1996.

Rutgers SCILS Excellence in Research Award, 1996.

University of Washington Graduate School of Library and Information Science Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus Award, 1996.

ASIS Certificate of Recognition, 1997.

ASIS Award for Excellence in Research in Information Science, 1997.

Lucielle Kelling Henderson Memorial Lecturer, School of Information & Library Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1997.

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES:

Society Membership:

American Association for Artificial Intelligence

American Society for Information Science

1987-88, Chair-elect SIG on Human-Computer Interaction

1988-89, Chair, SIG on Human-Computer Interaction

Technical Program Chair, 1991 Annual Meeting

Association for Computational Linguistics

Association for Computing Machinery

1987-1991, Secretary, SIGIR

1991-1995, Vice-Chair, SIGIR

1995-June 1999, Chair, SIGIR

Organization of Meetings:

Honorary Secretary, Organizing Committee, First International Research Forum in Information Science, London, 1975.

Interdisciplinary Cognitive Science Seminar, University of Western Ontario, 1979

Program Committee, Fifth International Research Forum in Information Science, Heidelberg, 1983

Program Committee and Organizing Committee, Sixth International Research Forum in Information Science, Frascati, 1985

Program Committee, Third Symposium on Empirical Foundations of Information and Software Science, Risø, Denmark, 1985.

Chair, Organizing and Program Committee, Workshop on Distributed Expert-Based Information Systems, Rutgers University, March 1987.

Program Chair, SIG UOI Program for the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Atlanta, 1988.

Program Chair, 1989 ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Cambridge, MA, 1989.

Technical Program Chair, 1991 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Washington, DC., 1991.

Organizing Chair, International Conference on Multimedia Information Systems, Singapore, 1991.

Program Committee, 1991 ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Chicago, 1991.

Program Chair for Americas and Asia, 1992 ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Copenhagen, 1992.

Program Committee, 1994 ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Dublin, 1994.

Program Committee, Workshop on Access to Digital Libraries, San Antonio, Texas 1994.

Program Committee, Digital Libraries Workshop, Rutgers University, 1994.

Program Committee, 1995 ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Seattle, 1995.

Program Committee, 1996 ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Zürich, 1996.

Program Committee, the Text REtrieval Conferences (TREC), 1996 - date

Program Chair for Americas and Asia, 1997 ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Philadelphia, 1997.

Chair, Steering Committee for the ACM Digital Libraries Conferences, 1998-date.

Program Chair for Americas and Asia, 2000 ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Athens, Greece, 2000.

Editorial Boards:

1.85-date Information Processing and Management (Associate Editor since August 1998)

1.98-date Information Retrieval

1.83-12.97 Linguistic Calculation

9.86-9.93 Ablex Communication and Information Science Series

1.87-12.94 Journal of Information Science

1.90-1.94 Library Quarterly

External Examining:

3.85 Fakultetsopponent (external PhD examiner), University of Lund

7.88 External PhD examiner, University of Massachusetts

7.88 External PhD examiner, University of Western Ontario

1.95 External PhD examiner, National University of Singapore

2.95-5.97 External PhD committee member, Georgia Tech

3.96-5.97 External PhD committee member, University of Massachusetts
3-4.97 External PhD examiner, University of Toronto

RESEARCH AND OTHER GRANTS:

SHORT COURSES, TUTORIALS, AND OTHER EXTERNAL TEACHING:

SIGNIFICANT CONSULTATIVE AND ADVISORY WORK:

Participant in the BLRDD Advisory Seminar on Variety Generation, Sheffield, 1976.

Participant in the Workshop: Forecast of changes in the field of information and documentation and their impact on job profiles of information specialists. For the Commission of the European Communities and the Committee for Information and Documentation in Science and Technology, Luxembourg, 1978.

Participant in the BLRDD Advisory Workshop on Basic Information Research, Cranfield, 1978.

Participant and co-coordinator, Workshop in information systems as collectives of cooperating experts. For Project INSTRAT, Berlin, November-December 1981.

Participant in the BLRDD Advisory Seminar on Basic Information Research, Cranfield, 1983.

Participant in the BNIST & BLRDD Anglo-French Seminar on Automatic Indexing, Paris, 1983.

Participant in the BLRDD Advisory Seminar on Basic Information Research, Cranfield, 1986.

Consultant in Artificial Intelligence for Bell Communications Research, 1986-1993.

Consultant on interfaces for online public access catalogs for the Italian Institute for the Union Catalog, Rome, 6.89-3.90.

Consultant on intelligent interfaces for information retrieval systems, for the European Space Agency - Information Retrieval Service, Frascati, 6.89-1.93.

Consultant on evaluation of interactive information systems, for the Institute for Integrated Publication and Information Systems of the German Computer Science Research Society (GMD-IPSI), June-July 1991.

PUBLICATIONS:

BELKIN, N.J. (1974) Informatics I: conference report. International Classification, vol. 1, no. 2: 95-96 (review).

BELKIN, N.J. (1975) The concept of information in informatics. In: Problems of Information Science (FID 530). Moscow, VINITI: 74-89 (invited paper).

BELKIN, N.J. (1975) Some Soviet concepts of information for information science. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol. 26, no 1: 56-64 (refereed journal article).

BELKIN, N.J. (1975) Towards a definition of information for information science. In: Informatics 2. London, Aslib: 50-56 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J. & ROBERTSON, S.E. (1976) Information science and the phenomenon of information. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol. 27, no. 4: 197-204 (refereed journal article).

BELKIN, N.J. & ROBERTSON, S.E. (1976) Some ethical and political implications of theoretical research in information science. In: Information*Politics, Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science. ASIS, Washington, DC. :597-605 (refereed conference proceeding).

VICKERY, B.C., ROBERTSON, S.E. & BELKIN, N.J. (1976). Final report on the International Research Forum in Information Science, London, 1975 (British Library Research & Development Department Report No. 5262). London, The British Library (research report).

BELKIN, N.J. (1977) A concept of information for information science. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, London, England.

BELKIN, N.J. (1977) Information and society: review of J. McHale, The Changing Information Environment. The Information Scientist, vol. 11, no.4: 149-152 (review).

BELKIN, N.J. (1977) Internal knowledge and external information. In: CC 77: The Cognitive Viewpoint, International Workshop on the Cognitive Viewpoint, Gent, 1977. University of Gent, Gent: 187-194 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J. (1977) Linguistic and cognitive models of information and state of knowledge (British Library Research and Development Department Report No. 5381). London, The British Library (research report).

BELKIN, N.J. (1977) The representation of knowledge: report on the International Workshop on the Cognitive Viewpoint. AISB Quarterly, no. 28: 6-7 (review).

BELKIN, N.J. (1977) Review of SIRE, 2nd International Research Forum in Information Science. Journal of Informatics, vol. 1, no. 2: 89-90 (review).

BELKIN, N.J. (1978) Progress in documentation: Information concepts for information science. Journal of Documentation, vol. 34, no. 1: 55-85 (refereed journal article).

ODDY, R.N. & BELKIN, N.J. (1978) Document retrieval based on the automatic determination of the user's information need. Journal of Informatics, vol. 2, no. 2: 8-12 (refereed journal article).

ROBERTSON, S.E. & BELKIN, N.J. (1978) Ranking in principle. Journal of Documentation, vol. 34, no. 2: 93-100 (refereed journal article).

BELKIN, N.J. & ODDY, R.N. (1979) Design study for an anomalous state of knowledge-based information retrieval system (British Library Research and Development Department Report No. 5547) Birmingham, England, University of Aston Computer Centre (research report).

BELKIN, N.J. (1979) Knowledge representation, final report on the AISB/GI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Hamburg, 1978. London, The British Library (research report).

BELKIN, N.J., BROOKS, H.M. & ODDY, R.N. (1979) Representation and classification of anomalous states of knowledge and information for use in interactive information retrieval. In: IRFIS 3, Proceedings of the Third International Research Forum in Information Science, Oslo, 1979. Oslo, The Norwegian Library School: 146-183 (refereed conference proceeding)

BELKIN, N.J. (1979) Review of Natural Language in Information Science, edited by D.E. Walker, H. Karlgren and M. Kay. Journal of Information Science, vol. 35, no. 3: 257-260 (review).

BROOKS, H.M., ODDY, R.N. & BELKIN, N.J. (1979) Representing and classifying anomalous states of knowledge. In: Informatics 5: The analysis of meaning. London, Aslib: 227-238 (refereed conference proceeding).

DEA, W. & BELKIN, N.J. (1979) Beyond the sentence: clause relations and textual analysis. In: Informatics 3. London, Aslib: 67-84 (refereed conference proceeding)

YATES, B. (1979) Some less conventional means of obtaining information, revised by N.J. Belkin. In: R.T. Bottle, ed., The use of the chemical literature. 3rd edition. London, Butterworths: 236-250 (commissioned chapter).

BELKIN, N.J. (1980) Anomalous states of knowledge as a basis for information retrieval. Canadian Journal of Information Science, vol. 5: 133-143 (refereed journal article).

BELKIN, N.J. (1980) Human aspects of information science, final report on IRFIS 3 (British Library Research and Development Department Report No. 5543). London, The British Library (research report).

BELKIN, N.J. (1980) The problem of matching in information retrieval. In: Theory and application of information research, Proceedings of the Second International Research Forum in Information Science, Copenhagen 1977. London, Mansell: 187-197 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J., KUEHNER, D. & MICHELL, B.G. (1980) Representation of texts for information retrieval. In: Proceedings of the 18th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Philadelphia, 1980. Philadelphia, ACL: 147-148 (extended abstract, refereed conference proceeding)

EAST, H. & BELKIN, N.J. (1980) Advanced technology and the developing countries: the growing gap. In: New trends in documentation and information, Proceedings of the 39th Congress of the International Federation for Documentation, Edinburgh, 1978. London, Aslib: 129-133 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J. (1981) Ineffable concepts in information retrieval. In: K. Sparck Jones, ed. Information retrieval experiment. London, Butterworths: 44-58 (invited book chapter).

BELKIN, N.J., ODDY, R.N. & BROOKS, H.M. (1982) ASK for information retrieval. Part I: Background and theory; Part II: Results of a design study. Journal of Documentation, vol. 38, nos. 2&3: 61-71; 145-164 (refereed journal article). Reprinted in: Readings in information retrieval, K. Sparck Jones & P. Willett eds. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 299-304.

BELKIN, N.J. (1982) Models of dialogue for information retrieval. In: IRFIS 4, Proceedings of the 4th International Research Forum in Information Science, Borås, Sweden, 1981. Borås, College of Librarianship: 15-36 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J., SEEGER, T. & WERSIG, G. (1983) Distributed expert problem treatment as a model for information system analysis and design. Journal of Information Science, vol. 5, no. 5: 153-167 (refereed journal article).

BELKIN, N.J. (1983) Information systems: concepts and constructs. In: Information science in action: system design (NATO ASI Series E: Applied Sciences, No. 60). The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff: 774-774 (refereed conference proceeding, abstract only).

BELKIN, N.J., et al. (1983) Mass informatics and their implication for everyday life. In: IFIP '83, Proceedings of the 9th World Computer Conference, Paris, 1983. Amsterdam, North-Holland: 583-587 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J. (1983) Statistical analysis of the MONSTRAT simulation (Internal report, Projekt INSTRAT, Free University Berlin). Free University, Berlin (research report).

BROOKS, H.M. & BELKIN, N.J. (1983) Using discourse analysis for the design of information retrieval interaction mechanisms. In: Proceedings of the Sixth Annual ACM SIGIR International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Washington, DC., 1983. New York, ACM: 31-47 (refereed conference proceeding).

WERSIG, G. & BELKIN, N.J. (1983) Observations on information science in the Anglo-Saxon countries: a study tour through the United Kingdom (G. Wersig) and overview of research development (N.J. Belkin), Internal Report, Projekt INSTRAT, Free University Berlin (research report).

BELKIN, N.J. (1984) Cognitive models and information transfer. Social Science Information Studies, vol. 4, nos. 2&3: 111-129 (refereed journal article).

BELKIN, N.J. (1984) Final report on the Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Karlsruhe, 1983. British Library Research and Development Department Report No. 5814. London, The British Library (research report).

BELKIN, N.J., HENNINGS, R.-D. & SEEGER, T. Simulation of a distributed expert-based information provision mechanism. Information Technology: Research, Development, Applications, vol. 3, no. 3: 122-141 (refereed journal article).

BELKIN, N.J. & WINDEL, G. (1984) Using MONSTRAT for the analysis of information interaction. In: IRFIS 5, Fifth International Research Forum in Information Science, Heidelberg, 1983. Amsterdam, North-Holland: 359-382 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J. & VICKERY, A. (1985) Interaction in information systems: a review of research from document retrieval to knowledge-based systems. (LIR Report No. 35) London, The British Library. (book).

BROOKS, H.M., DANIELS, P.J. & BELKIN, N.J. (1985) Problem description and user models: developing an intelligent interface for document retrieval systems. In: Informatics 8. Advances in Intelligent Retrieval. London, Aslib: 191-214 (refereed conference proceeding).

DANIELS, P.J., BROOKS, H.M. & BELKIN, N.J. (1985) Using problem structures for driving human-computer dialogues. In: RIAO '85, Actes of the Conference: Recherche d'Informations Assistee par Ordinateur, Grenoble, 1985. Grenoble, I.M.A.G.: 645-660 (refereed conference proceeding).

HAPESHI, K. & BELKIN, N.J. (1985) Developing and evaluating an automatic on-line information retrieval system based on user problem statements. In: RIAO '85, Actes of the Conference: Recherche d'Informations Assistee par Ordinateur, Grenoble, 1985. Grenoble, I.M.A.G.: 681-698 (refereed conference proceeding). Reprinted in: Readings in information retrieval, K. Sparck Jones & P. Willett, eds. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 135-142.

BELKIN, N.J. (1986) Designing an intelligent information system interface. In: Intelligent Decision Aids in Process Environments. (NATO ASI Series, Vol. F21). New York and Berlin, Springer: 341-345 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J. & KWASNIK, B.H. (1986) Using structural representations of anomalous states of knowledge for choosing document retrieval strategies. In: Proceedings of the 1986 ACM SIGIR International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Pisa, Italy. Pisa, ACM: 11-22 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J. (1986) What does it mean for an information system interface to be intelligent? In: Proceedings of the Second Conference on Computer Interfaces and Intermediaries for Information Retrieval. Alexandria, VA, Defense Technical Information Center: 97-105 (invited conference paper).

BROOKS, H.M., DANIELS, P.J. & BELKIN, N.J. (1986) Research on information interaction and intelligent information provision mechanisms. Journal of Information Science, vol. 12, nos. 1&2: 37-44 (refereed journal article).

BELKIN, N.J. (1987) Discourse analysis of human-human information interaction for specification of human-computer interaction. Canadian Journal of Information Science, vol. 13: 31-42 (refereed journal article).

BELKIN, N.J. et al. (1987) Distributed expert-based information systems: an interdisciplinary approach. Information Processing and Management, vol. 27, no. 5: 395-409 (refereed journal article).

BELKIN, N.J., BROOKS, H.M. & DANIELS, P.J. (1987) Knowledge elicitation using discourse analysis. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, vol. 27: 127-144 (refereed journal article).Reprinted in: Knowledge acquisition for knowledge-based systems, B.R. Gaines & J.H. Boose eds. (Knowledge-Based Systems, volume 1). London, Academic Press, 1988: 107-124.

BELKIN, N.J. & CROFT, W.B. (1987) Retrieval techniques. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, vol. 22: 109-146 (commissioned review article).

BELKIN, N.J. (1987) User/intermediary interaction analysis: a foundation for designing intelligent information systems. In J. Varlejs, ed. Information seeking: basing services on users' behaviors. North Carolina, McFarland: 327-330 (invited conference paper).

ANDERSON, J.D., BELKIN, N.J., LEDERMAN, L.C. & SARACEVIC, T. (1988) Information science at Rutgers: establishing new interdisciplinary connections. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol. 39: 327-330 (refereed journal article).

BELKIN, N.J. (1988) On the nature and function of explanation in intelligent information retrieval. In Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM SIGIR International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. Grenoble, Presses Universitaires de Grenoble: 135-145 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J. & VAN RIJSBERGEN, C.J. (1989) SIGIR '89. Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual ACM SIGIR International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. New York ACM (edited conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J. (1990) The cognitive viewpoint in information science. Journal of Information Science, vol. 16: 11-15 (refereed journal article).

BELKIN, N.J. & MARCHETTI, P.G. (1990) Determining the functionality and features of an intelligent interface to an information retrieval system. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual ACM SIGIR International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. Brussels, Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles: 151-177 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J. (1990) A methodology for taking account of user tasks, goals and behavior for the design of computerized library catalogs. SIG CHI Bulletin, vol. 23: 61-65 (refereed conference presentation).

BELKIN, N.J. et al. (1990) Taking account of user tasks, goals and behavior for the design of online public access catalogs. In Information in the year 2000: from research to applications. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science. Medford, NJ, Learned Information, Inc: 69-79 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J. et al. (1990) User interfaces for information systems. ESA Journal, vol. 14: 325-342 (refereed journal article). also in Journal of Information Science, vol. 17: 327-344.

MARCHETTI, P.G. & BELKIN, N.J. (1991) Interactive online search formulation support. In Proceedings of the 12th National Online Meeting, New York, 1991. Medford, NJ, Learned Information, Inc: 327-243 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J., INGWERSEN, P. & PEJTERSEN, A.M. (1992) SIGIR '92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual ACM SIGIR International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. New York, ACM. (edited conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J. & CROFT, W.B. (1992) Information filtering and information retrieval: two sides of the same coin? Communications of the ACM, vol. 35, no. 12: 29-38 (refereed journal article).

BELKIN, N.J. (1992) Intelligent information retrieval: understanding and supporting human information seeking. In A. Heck & F. Murtaugh, eds. Astronomy from Large Databases II. Garching bei München: 37-42 (invited keynote conference presentation).

BELKIN, N.J., MARCHETTI, P.G. & COOL, C. (1993) BRAQUE: Design of an interface to support user interaction in information retrieval. Information Processing and Management, vol. 29: 325-344 (refereed journal article).

COOL, C., BELKIN, N.J., FRIEDER, O. & KANTOR, P. (1993) Characteristics of texts affecting relevance judgments. In M.E. Williams, ed. Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Online Meeting. Medford, NJ, Learned Information, Inc: 77-83 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J. & COOL, C. (1993) The concept of information seeking strategies and its use in the design of information retrieval systems. AAAI Spring Symposium on Case-Based Reasoning and Information Retrieval (AAAI Technical Report Series). Palo Alto, CA. (invited conference paper).

BELKIN, N.J., COOL, C., STEIN, A. & THIEL, U (1993) Scripts for information seeking strategies. AAAI Spring Symposium on Case-Based Reasoning and Information Retrieval (AAAI Technical Report Series). Palo Alto, CA (refereed conference paper).

BELKIN, N.J., COOL, C., CROFT, W.B. & CALLAN, J.P. (1993) The effect of multiple query representations on information retrieval system performance. In Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual ACM SIGIR International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. New York, ACM: 339-346 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J. (1993) Understanding and supporting human information seeking. In Intelligent information retrieval: the case of astronomy and related space sciences, A. Heck & F. Murtaugh, eds. Dordrecht, Kluwer: 9-20 (commissioned book chapter).

BELKIN, N.J. (1993) Interaction with texts: information retrieval as information seeking behavior. In Information Retrieval '93: von der Modellierung zur Anwendung. Proceedings of the First Conference of the Gesselschaft für Informatik Fachgruppe Information Retrieval, Regensburg 1993. (Schriften zur Informationswissenschaft, Band 12). Konstanz, Universitätsverlag Konstanz: 55-66 (invited keynote conference presentation).

BELKIN, N.J. (1994) The use of multiple information problem representations for information retrieval. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Online Meeting, edited by M.E. Williams. Medford, NJ, Learned Information, Inc: 53-56 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J., KANTOR, P., COOL, C. & QUATRAIN, R. (1994) Combining evidence for information retrieval. In TREC-2, Proceedings of the Second Text REtrieval Conference, edited by D. Harman. Washington DC., GPO: 35-44 (selected conference paper).

BELKIN, N.J. (1994) Design principles for electronic textual resources: investigating users and uses of scholarly information. In Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: In Honor of Don Walker. Italy, Giardini: 479-488 (invited book chapter).

GLADNEY, H.M., BELKIN, N.J., et al. (1994) Digital libraries: Gross structure and requirements. In Digital Libraries '94, Proceedings of the Symposium on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries, College Station, Texas, 1994 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J., KANTOR, P., FOX, E.A. & SHAW, J. (1995) Combining queries for information retrieval. Information Processing and Management, vol. 31: 431-448 (refereed journal article).

KOENEMANN, J., QUATRAIN, R., COOL, C. & BELKIN, N.J. (1995) New tools and old habits: The interactive searching behavior of expert online searchers using INQUERY. In: TREC-3, Proceedings of the Third Text REtrieval Conference, edited by D. Harman. Washington DC., GPO: 145-177 (selected conference paper).

BELKIN, N.J., COOL, C., STEIN, A. & THIEL, U. (1995) Cases, scripts, and information seeking strategies: on the design of interactive information retrieval systems. Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 9 (1995): 379-395 (refereed journal article).

BELKIN, N.J. (1995) Strategies for evaluation of multimedia information retrieval systems. In: Proceedings of the Final Workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval (MIRO ‘95), Glasgow, September 1995. London, Springer Verlag: http://www.springer.co.uk/eWiC/eWiCAbstracts/MIRO95.html (invited conference paper)

BELKIN, N.J., COOL, C., KOENEMANN, J., NG, K.B., PARK, S. (1996) Using relevance feedback and ranking in interactive searching. In: TREC-4, Proceedings of the Fourth Text REtrieval Conference, edited by D. Harman. Washington, D.C., GPO: 181-209 (selected conference paper).

KOENEMANN, J. & BELKIN, N.J. (1996) A case for interaction: A study of interactive information retrieval behavior and effectiveness. In: CHI '96: Proceedings of the ACM SIG CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, ACM: 205-212 (refereed conference proceeding)

VEERASAMY, A. & BELKIN, N.J. (1996) Evaluation of a tool for visualization of information retrieval results. In: SIGIR ‘96, Proceedings of the 19th Annual ACM SIGIR International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. New York, ACM: 85-92 (refereed conference proceeding).

COOL, C., PARK, S., BELKIN, N.J., KOENEMANN, J., NG, K.B. (1996) Information seeking behavior in new searching environments. In: CoLIS 2, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science: Integration in Perspective. Copenhagen, Royal School of Librarianship:403-416 (refereed conference proceeding).

BELKIN, N.J. (1996) Intelligent information retrieval: Whose intelligence? In: ISI ‘96: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium for Information Science. Konstanz, Universitätsverlag Konstanz: 25-31 (invited conference paper).

BELKIN, N.J., CABEZAS, A., COOL, C., KIM, K., NG, K.B., PARK, S., PRESSMAN, R., RIEH, S.Y., SAVAGE, P.A. & XIE, H. (1997) Rutgers interactive track at TREC-5. In: TREC-5. Proceedings of the Fifth Text Retrieval Conference, edited by D. Harman. Washington, D.C., GPO. 30pp. available in electronic form at: http://trec.nist.gov/pubs/trec5/t5_proceedings.html

SIGIR ‘97. Proceedings of the 20th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. New York, ACM, 1997, 348 pp. Edited by Nicholas J. Belkin, A. Desai Narasimhalu and Peter Willett.

BELKIN, N.J. (1998) An overview of results from Rutgers’ investigations of interactive information retrieval. In: P. Cochrane, ed. Visualizing Subject Access for 21st Century Information Resources. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing. Champaign-Urbana: Graduate School of Library and Information Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 45-62.

RIEH, S.Y. & BELKIN, N.J. (1998) Understanding judgment of information quality and cognitive authority in the WWW. In ASIS 98: Information access in the global information economy. Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science. Medford, NJ: Information Today: 279-289.

BELKIN, N.J., LIN, S. PARK, S.Y., PEREZ-CARBALLO, J., RIEH, S.Y., SAVAGE, P., SIKORA, C.A., XIE, H., COOL, C., ALLAN, J. (1998) Rutgers’ TREC-6 Interactive Track experience. In: The Sixth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-6), E.M. Voorhees & D. Harman, eds. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 597-610.

BELKIN, N.J. (1999) Understanding and supporting multiple information seeking behaviors in a single interface framework. In: Eighth DELOS Workshop: User Interface in Digital Libraries. Le Chesnay, France: European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics, 11-18.

BELKIN, N.J., KELLY, D., LIN, S., PARK, S.Y., PEREZ-CARBALLO, J., RIEH, S.Y., SAVAGE-KNEPSHEILD, P., SIKORA, C.A., COOL, C. (in press) Rutgers’ TREC-7 Interactive Track experience. In: The Seventh Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-7), E.M. Voorhees & D. Harman, eds. Washington, D.C.: GPO, http://trec.nist.gov/pubs/trec7/t7_proceedings.html

PAPERS, ABSTRACTS, LECTURES (excluding published conference proceedings)

Cognitive and linguistic problems in information science. University of California, Berkeley, School of Library and Information Studies, October 1976.

Ethical and political implications of theoretical research in information science. University of Washington, Seattle, University Lecture, October 1976.

Problems of knowledge representation for information retrieval. University of Washington, Department of Psychology, October 1976.

Concepts of information in information science. Polytechnic of North London, School of Librarianship, May 1978.

Information and anomalous states of knowledge in information science. Sheffield University, School of Library and Information Science, June, 1978.

Cognitive aspects of information science. British Library Research and Development Department Workshop on Basic Information Research, Cranfield, England, September 1978.

Anomalous states of knowledge as a basis for information retrieval. Case Western University, School of Library Science, October 1979.

Anomalous states of knowledge as a basis for information retrieval. University of Western Ontario, School of Library and Information Science, December 1979.

Anomalous state of knowledge-based information retrieval. Syracuse University, School of Information Studies, February 1980.

Representation of anomalous states of knowledge as a basis for information retrieval. University of Michigan, University Colloquium, March 1980.

Representation of texts for information retrieval. University of Western Ontario, Cognitive Studies Seminar, April 1980 (with B.G. Michell)

The anomalous state of knowledge as a basis for information retrieval. Drexel University, School of Library and Information Science, June 1980.

Text analysis for information retrieval. University of Linkjoping, Library Seminar, September 1981.

Models of dialogue for information retrieval. Aslib Informatics Group, London, November 1981.

Research trends in information science in the anglo-saxon countries. Free University Berlin, Faculty of Communication, Information Science Seminar, December 1982.

Application of the distributed expert model to information provision mechanism analysis and design. University of Konstanz, Department of Administrative Studies, Information Science Colloquium, February 1983.

Specification of the problem description function in information interaction. Free University Berlin, Department of Communication, Information Science Seminar, March 1983.

The significance of interaction in information processes. British Library Research and Development Department Seminar on Basic Information Research, Cranfield, England, September 1983 (with A. Vickery).

Discourse analysis for information retrieval. KVAL/FID-LD Seminar on Linking in Text, Osterbybruk, Sweden, March 1984.

Designing intelligent information system interfaces. Bell Communications Research, Murray Hill, N.J., September 1984.

The future of information studies in the context of the information revolution. Rutgers University, School of Communication, Information & Library Studies, September 1984.

Research in the development of an intelligent information system interface. The City University, London, Cognitive Studies Seminar, December 1984.

Using problem structures for driving human-computer dialogues. University of Linkjoping, LIBLAB Seminar, March 1985.

Research in the development of intelligent information system interfaces. Swedish Special Library Association, Lund, Sweden, March 1985.

Developing an expert information system interface. Royal Danish School of Librarianship, Copenhagen, March 1985.

Modeling the user in information interaction. Twelfth Annual Conference of the Association of Information Officers in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Torquay, England, June 1985.

The analysis of human-human information interaction for the specification of human-computer information system interfaces. Third Symposium on Empirical Foundations of Information and Software Science, Risø, Denmark, July 1985.

Using problem structures to guide human-computer dialogues. University of Western Ontario, School of Library and Information Science, February 1986.

Designing intelligent information provision mechanisms. University of Toronto, Faculty of Library and Information Science, February 1986.

How intermediaries model users in information interaction. University of Toronto, Faculty of Library and Information Science, February 1986.

User/intermediary interaction analysis: a foundation for designing intelligent information systems. Rutgers University, School of Communication, Information & Library Studies, 24th Annual Alumni-Faculty Symposium, April 1986.

Artificial intelligence and science: whose knowledge? whose expertise? whose decisions? AAAS Annual Meeting, Symposium on 'The impact of advances in information technologies on science: policy issues', Philadelphia, May 1986.

Transparency in intelligent systems. Danish Artificial Intelligence Society Seminar on 'AI system architecture, complexity and transparency'. Koge, Denmark, October 1986.

Designing an intelligent information system interface. AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, January 1987.

Investigating user modeling in information interaction by discourse analysis. Rutgers University, Department of Psychology, Cognitive Colloquium, March 1987.

A model of transparency as a basis for explanation in an expert intermediary for information retrieval. Bell Communications Research, Computer-Human Interaction Seminar, Morristown NJ, May 1987.

Uses of complex multi-media objects and information retrieval techniques. International Workshop on Multimedia Complex Objects, Taormina, Italy, June 1987.

Explanation in intelligent retrieval. Rutgers University, Computer Science Seminar, October 1987.

What constitutes intelligence in an information system? General Electric Research & Development Center, Artificial Intelligence Group Seminar, November 1987.

Implications of 'intelligent information system' research for online catalogs. Rome, Venice, Florence, Italian Library Association, and others, Invited Lecture Series, January 1988.

What constitutes intelligence in an information system? University of Padova, Department of Electronics and Computer Science, January 1988.

User modeling in intelligent information systems. University of Udine, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, January 1988.

On the nature and function of explanation in intelligent information retrieval. University of Udine, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, January 1988.

Architectures for intelligent information retrieval systems. University of Udine, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, January 1988.

The nature of explanation in intelligent information retrieval. OCLC, OCLC Distinguished Seminar Series, Dublin OH, February 1988.

The nature and function of explanation in the intelligent information retrieval system. American Society for Information Science, Potomac Valley Chapter, Washington, DC, February 1988.

User modeling for software reuse. Twelfth Annual ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Panel on Information Retrieval and Software Reuse, Cambridge, MA, June 1989.

The natures of information. Seventh Nordic Conference for Information and Documentation, Keynote Lecture, Aarhus, Denmark, August 1989.

User-centered design for information systems. Bell Communications Research, Bellcore User-Centered Design Forum, Red Bank NJ, November 1989.

An overview of intelligent information retrieval. Merck Pharmaceuticals, Merck Research Seminar, January 1990.

Review of user interfaces for information systems. European Space Agency, ESRIN International Workshop on User Interfaces for information Systems, Frascati, Italy, February 1990.

On the nature and role of complex user representations in text-based intelligent systems. AAAI Spring Symposium on Text-Based Intelligent Systems, Stanford, CA, March 1990.

Watching users in libraries: methodologies for system design. Xerox PARC Seminar, Palo Alto, CA, March 1990.

Evaluating computer-based tools in organizations. ACM Conference on Office Information Systems, Cambridge, MA, April 1990.

The structure of interaction in intelligent information retrieval. First International Symposium for Information Science, Keynote Lecture, Konstanz, Germany, October 1990.

The role of user modeling for clarification and explanation in intelligent information retrieval. University of the Saarland, Colloquium of the Department of Computer Science and the Department of Information Science, Saarbrücken, Germany, November 1990.

Hypertext and information retrieval: what are the fundamental concepts? First European Conference on Hypertext, Paris, November 1990.

The nature of interaction in information retrieval. UCLA, Graduate School of Library and Information Studies, May 1991.

The role of user modeling for clarification and explanation in information retrieval interaction. USC ISI Colloquium, Marina del Rey, CA, May 1991.

Intelligent Information Retrieval. NSF Workshop on Future Directions in Text Analysis, Retrieval and Understanding. Chicago, October 1991.

Understanding user-intermediary dialogues from multiple perspectives. 54th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Washington, DC, October 1991.

User interfaces for OPACs. Research Workshop on User Interfaces for Online Public Access Catalogs, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, November 1991.

Is information filtering just another name for information retrieval? And if so, so what? Bellcore Workshop on High-Performance Information Filtering, Morristown, NJ, November 1991.

On the nature and structure of interaction in information retrieval. Royal School of Librarianship, Copenhagen, Denmark, February 1992.

On the evaluation of interactive information retrieval. European Space Agency, ESRIN Seminar. Frascati, Italy, March 1992.

Information retrieval as an interactive process. University of Konstanz, Department of Information Science. Konstanz, Germany, July 1992.

On the evaluation of highly interactive, dialogue-based information systems. German Foundation for Computer Science Research, Institute for Integrated Publication and Information Systems (GMD-IPSI), Research Workshop, July 1992.

Information retrieval as interaction. Federal Technical University Zürich, Department of Computer Science, Research Seminar. Zürich, July 1992.

Intelligent information retrieval: understanding and supporting human information seeking. Astronomy from Large Databases II, invited lecture. Hagenau, France, September 1992.

The concept of information seeking strategies and its use in the design of information retrieval systems. AAAI Spring Symposium on Case-Based Reasoning and Information Retrieval, invited lecture. Stanford, CA, March 1993 (with C. Cool).

Design principles for electronic textual resources: investigating users and uses of scholarly information. ACH-ALLC '93 Conference, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. June 1993.

On the relationship between discourse structure and user intention. Dagstuhl Seminar on Summarizing Text for Intelligent Communication, Dagstuhl, Germany, December 1993.

Digital libraries: interaction and evaluation. School of Information and Library Studies, University of Michigan, June 1994.

Digital libraries: history, functions, implementation, interaction and evaluation. A series of four invited lectures at the Institute of Systems Science, National University of Singapore, August 1994.

Information retrieval as interaction. A series of four lectures, sponsored by the Academia Sinica, the Computational Linguistics Society of the Republic of China, and the Taiwan Chapter of the American Society for Information Science, at the Academia Sinica and the National University of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan, September 1994.

Information retrieval: Where it is, where it's going. Research Seminar at the NEC Research Laboratories, Princeton, NJ, February 1995.

Supporting information seeking in multi-media databases. International Workshop on Networked Multimedia Information Retrieval and Reuse, held at the European Space Agency (ESA-ESRIN), Frascati, Italy, March 1995. This Workshop was sponsored by the European Space Agency, the Fondazione Ugo Bordoni, the Italian Computer Science Society, and the Commission of the European Communities.

Technology Forecast: Directions of retrieval technologies. Technologies for Current Awareness: Tomorrow's Information Today, a joint meeting of the ASIS New England Chapter and the SLA Boston Chapter, Westford, Massachusetts, April 1995.

Information retrieval tools, an advisory position paper for the American Chemical Society Task Force on Research's Workshop on The Impact of New Information Technologies, Columbus, Ohio, May 1995.

Evaluation of interactive multimedia information retrieval systems. AAAI Workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval, Montreal, Canada, August 1995.

Interaction as the central process of information retrieval. Distinguished Seminar in IR, IR Festival, Department of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, September 1995.

Strategies for evaluation of interactive multimedia information retrieval systems. MIRO Final Workshop, University of Glasgow, Scotland, September 1995.

Design and evaluation problems in multi-lingual information retrieval. Workshop on Information Retrieval with Oriental Languages, Taejun, Korea, June 1996.

Improvement or Distortion Effects of Information Technology on the Development of Natural Languages. Panel presentation at COLING-96, The 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Copenhagen, August 1996.

Interaction with information as a framework for research in information retrieval. Research Colloquium, Norwegian School of Library and Information Science, Oslo, October 1996.

The TREC-5 interactive track experience. Second Mira Workshop, University of Padova, November 1996.

An overview of results from Rutgers’ investigations of interactive information retrieval. “Visualizing Subject Access for 21st Century Information Resources”, 34th Annual Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing. University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, March 1997.

Adapting information systems to human needs. Sixth Rutgers WINLAB Workshop Third Generation Wireless Information Networks. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, March 1997.

Various things about interactive multi-media information retrieval and its evaluation. Dagstuhl Seminar 9716: “Evaluation of Multimedia Information Retrieval”. Dagstuhl, Germany, April 1997.

Measures for the evaluation of multimedia information retrieval. Dagstuhl Seminar 9716: “Evaluation of Multimedia Information Retrieval”. Dagstuhl, Germany, April 1997.

An overview of results from Rutgers’ investigations of interactive information retrieval. ASIS Graduate Student Research Forum, Pratt Institute, New York, NY, May 1997.

Complementary models for the representation and organization of knowledge. Invited Keynote Lecture, EOCONSID '99, Fourth Congress of ISKO-España (International Society for Knowledge Organization-Spanish Chapter) Granada, Spain, 22 April 1999.